ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nurses observe that the behavior of an occasional full-term healthy newborn is “unusual,” “different,” “funny,” or “not like the others.” This study was designed to determine whether infants identified by nurses as suspect behaved differently from those identified as normal. Suspect infants scored significantly lower on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale than their matched controls. No dysfunction was common across the entire suspect group. Although nurses accurately predicted suspect infant behavior, they did not identify the specific Brazelton dimensions on which infants demonstrated worrisome behavior. The results indicated that nurses are reliable sources of information about infant behavior and can be valuable aids in screening infants in need of further assessment. In addition, the data provided tentative insight into the methods nurses use to make clinical judgments. Finally, the results pointed to the possible limitations of the medical model of infant assessment and demonstrated that nurses' empirical knowledge is amenable to measurement and testing. Additional research is necessary to determine if and under what circumstances infants who behave suspiciously are at risk.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This project compared the temperament of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants to that of full-term infants at 6 and 12 months of age, assessed patterns of change in temperament from 6 to 12 months, and investigated effects of the neonatal experience on manifestations of temperament in VLBW babies. The subjects were 41 VLBW infants who were free of congenital anomalies and appropriate for gestational age. Instruments included the Infant Temperament Questionnaire (ITQ), Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ), and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory. At 6 months, the VLBW infants were significantly less adaptable and more intense than full-term infants. There were significantly more “difficult” and fewer “easy” infants in the study group. At 12 months, the infants were less persistent than a full-term toddler. Behavioral style clusters of the toddlers did not differ significantly from published data. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the social environment of the VLBW infant plays an important role in the manifestation of childhood temperament as early as 6 months of age. Results suggest that VLBW infants do manifest behavioral styles that are different from full-term infants but are modified during the first year of life. In addition, the nine temperament dimensions were differentially affected by adverse perinatal events and environmental factors.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated the type and frequency of physical and psychological symptoms experienced by pregnant and postpartal women and their spouses. The sample of 70 married couples included 23 pairs in an early pregnancy group, 24 in a late pregnancy group, and 23 in a postpartum group. Both spouses completed a symptoms checklist of 20 physical and 3 psychological symptoms and the Beck Depression Inventory. Findings indicate that both spouses experienced some physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum, although the women reported many more symptoms than did the men. Women in the late pregnancy group reported the highest number of physical symptoms; those in the postpartum group, the lowest number. No differences, however, in reports of psychological symptoms were found among the three groups of women. No significant differences in reports of either physical or psychological symptoms were found among the three groups of men.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Indicators of both father and infant social competence were explored as predictors of four types of paternal interaction behavior: touch-affection/comfort, talk-affection/comfort, touch-stimulate, and talk-stimulate. Data collected from 114 father-newborn pairs 2 to 4 days after birth included perceived competence as a father, the infant's orientation and range of state scores on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, and the infant's behavioral state during a structured paternal-infant interaction. Infant state at the time of interaction was the best predictor, particularly of affection/comforting behavior. Infant orientation scores helped predict touch-stimulating behavior and range of state scores helped predict touch-affectional behavior. Paternal competence was a predictor of stimulating behavior. Results emphasized the importance of considering state behavior when observing fathers interacting with their newborns.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study compared recalled physical and emotional sensations during episodes of acute dyspnea across pulmonary disease groups. The convenience sample consisted of 68 subjects with emphysema-bronchitis, asthma, vascular, and restrictive disease. Temporal patterns of physical and emotional sensations before and during episodes of dyspnea were identified. The frequency of sensations was remarkably similar across disease categories with few significant differences identified. Rather than the disease category, the frequency, intensity, and periodicity of the symptom of dyspnea had the greatest effect on the quality and frequency of sensations reported. The intensity of usual dyspnea reported on a visual analog scale varied significantly among groups, p =0.26, with asthmatics having the lowest mean score and vascular subjects the highest. Females reported significantly greater usual dyspnea than males, p =.005. The variables of pulmonary disease group, gender, fatigue, and total network of social support were significantly related to usual dyspnea, and pulmonary group, gender, and attendance at Better Breathers classes were significantly related to worst dyspnea.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study noninvasively measured cutaneous microcirculatory blood flow velocity at six clinically significant sites on the feet, legs, and abdomen. Subjects were 51 healthy adult volunteers, 44 females and 7 males, with a mean age of 32 years. A laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) was used to measure skin blood flow velocity. Skin temperatures and LDV measures were concurrently obtained from the dorsal surface of the feet, medial aspects of the lower legs, and at two contralateral midabdominal sites. Ambient and oral temperatures were repeatedly measured and remained stable among subjects. Using paired t tests, there were no statistical significances for contralateral comparisons of mean flow velocity and skin temperature differences. Regional differences among feet, legs, and abdomen were significantly different. The findings suggest that blood flow velocity of contralateral sites is similar. Unilateral circulatory disturbances such as surgical and nonsurgical traumas, primary cutaneous lesions, and venous or arterial occlusions are often encountered clinically. Nursing care measures to improve blood flow can be evaluated on the basis of contralateral flow rates.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this research was to develop an instrument for clinical assessment of the circumvaginal muscles (CVM), to test the reliability of the instrument, and to correlate sample characteristics with this instrument. The 9-point CVM Rating Scale is based on four components: pressure, duration, muscle ribbing, and position of the examiner's finger during examination. Reliability of the CVM Rating Scale was ascertained by use of interrater and testretest reliability. Interrater reliability was tested on two separate occasions, N =10, rho =0.6, p <.04; N =10, rho =0.7, p <.05.A test-retest sequence was conducted 10 days apart, N =10, rho =0.9, p <.003. Results from these tests indicated that the CVM Rating Scale is a reliable instrument for assessing CVM. A convenience sample of 30 women, aged 18–37, in good general health was tested, using the CVM Rating Scale. Women with a history of pelvic floor reconstructive surgery were excluded. A significant positive correlation between self-reported orgasm and the CVM Rating Scale total scores was found, X2=7.5, p <.02. No significant correlations were found between age, race, parity, episiotomy, or self-reported Kegel exercises and the CVM Rating Scale total scores. The scale is a cost-effective, time-efficient, systematic assessment, accessible in clinical settings.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID