摘要:

AbstractSince the onset of the energy crisis, indicated by the start of the Arab oil embargo, the price of natural gas increased for most residential consumers. the relationship between price and monthly demand over five years is examined for a sample of almost identical owner‐occupied town houses in a planned community in central New Jersey, USA. It is shown that, since the onset of the energy crisis, the average price, in current dollars, of gas has increased in the USA, and the average demand has decreased, leading to a significant negative estimate of elasticity. However, this disappears if the effects of overall inflation on demand are removed. Closer examination reveals that the relationship between current price and demand is not linear, since the major decrease in demand occurred during the winter immediately following the embargo, but the major increases in current price occurred during subsequent winters. Whether the large reduction in demand is due to price increases, overall inflation, or is a response to conservation appeals by US public officials is an open question. No short‐term effects of price on demand are fo

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe investment programme of the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) since the late nineteen fifties has been predicated in principle on economies of scale and has been largely based in practice on 500 MW(e) turbine generator sets. This paper compares the strategy adopted by the CEGB with alternative hypothetical strategies based on smaller units of plant.Simulation of the supply system over ten years suggests that the economies of scale in very large plant have not been sufficient to offset the attendant disadvantages. Allowance is made for the variation with capacity of the capital cost, thermal efficiency, construction time, planning margin and availability. It is concluded that better results might have been obtained with sets between 200 MW(e) and 300 MW(e).It is acknowledged that thispost hocanalysis has only an indirect connection with the decisions that now face the CEGB. the potential economics of scale in nuclear stations are not of the same form as those in fossil fuelled stations. There are also unsatisfactory aspects of the analysis which leave some uncertainty about the validity of the conclusions. But what the analysis does show is that there are conditions where economies of scale are outweighed by other factors, that these conditions are not especially remarkable, that they seem to have been satisfied by the CEGB system and that supply utilities in developing countries, where comparable decisions have now to be taken and where the disadvantages of scale are more pronounced, should examine carefully the case for large generating units in local circumstances.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn embargo on the export of Australia's vast uranium mineral resources has been in force for several years. Pressures to lift the embargo are mounting. A Royal Commission has enquired into all aspects of uranium mining and exports. This paper, modified to some extent, forms part of a submission to this enquiry. It is suggested that nuclear power be accepted as aninterimsolution to the world's energy problems. the plutonium fuelled breeder technology as theultimatesolution is rejected. Meanwhile the striking of a $750 (Australian) export levy per tonne of U3O8will provide the funds for research and development in the use of renewable energy sources. Restrictive conditions imposed on the sale of uranium minerals and their beneficiated derivatives include guarantees against the separation of plutonium and the development and use of a plutonium technology.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo systems are discussed which involve the use of solar energy to supply domestic hot‐water requirements and their usefulness in Ireland is examined. the systems are evaluated for thermal performance and cost‐effectiveness but the use of a computer simulation model of a system involving a typical commercially available solar panel. It is shown that such systems may be economically justified when compared with electricity, but only if the water supply is directly heated by solar panels and only if the installed cost of such panels is low. Further, it appears that the system performance is relatively insensitive to the panel orientation and consequently that retro‐fit installations on existing houses are unlikely to cause difficu

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour self‐driven photoelectrochemical hydrogen producers:n‐TiO2/p‐CdTe,n‐TiO2/p‐GaP,n‐SrTiO3/p‐CdTe andn‐SrTiO3/p‐GaP were constructed and examined in 1 M NaOH. the current‐potential curves of the individual electrodes and the current‐cell voltage relationships were measured. Cell current‐density measurements versus time demonstrated that the output of each cell is stable for at least 12 h. then‐SrTiO3/p‐GaP cell under xenon light irradiation was the most efficient at 0·7 per cent. then‐TiO2/p‐GaP cell was estimated as the most efficient under solar light at 0·1 per cent. the stability ofp‐CdTe and its energy gap of 1·5 eV make it a prospect for use as a photocathode in future pho

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440010301

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY