摘要:

AbstractThe Wallasey School is recognized as an important building in the development of passive solar gain technology. This work reports an analysis of the lighting of the solar block of the school. A comprehensive photometric survey describes the visual environment of the school in both quantitative and qualitative terms. The results are compared with both statutory legislation and predictions using tools available to the original designers. Some general conclusions are drawn which emphasize the importance of visual aspects within the total design of passive solar technology buildings.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe problems in matching a heat driven heat transformer to a distillation process in heat pump assisted distillation are discussed. The performance of such a system is a function of the temperature difference across the distillation column. Plots are given of the calculated coefficients of performance against the temperatures of the top and bottom products. In addition plots are given of the calculated coefficients of performance against the generator temperature when the generator is independently heated. The percentage of energy saved is also plotted against coefficient of performance.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to evaluate the thermophysical properties of combustion gases of the gas turbine engine using the Soave‐Redlich‐Kwong equation of state and to compare the results with those obtained from the virial equation of state and the experimental values obtained from experiment and the generalized charts.The properties which have been considered in this work were, density, specific heat at constant pressure, enthalpy, entropy, viscosity and thermal conductivity.The temperature range was (200–2600 K) theoretically, while the pressure range was (3–12 atmospheres).The Soave‐Redlich‐Kwong (SRK) equation of state generally predicted better values for thermophysical properties than those predicted by the virial equation of state.A computer program, to evaluate the departure of thermophysical properties using virial and SRK equations of stat

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis investigation is concerned with the design and performance of a flat‐type solar air heater in which air flows perpendicularly from the transparent cover to a porous absorber plate. The design phase involved a stability analysis to determine the critical distance (maximum allowable distance) between the absober and transparent cover, for suppressing convection currents, at various environmental and operating conditions. These results are useful to designers of solar collectors of the proposed type.In addition, the thermal performance of this solar heater at its optimum design conditions was computed for a wide range of system parameters illustrating the contribution of conduction and radiative modes of heat transfer. The results indicate that the best operating efficiency can be obtained when running the collector with a mass flow rate ofm>40 kg/m2.h. Furthermore, the collector thermal performance is superior than channel type solar air heaters operating under similar conditions and much simpler than honeycomb porous bed solar air heater

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study is to develop a computer‐aided optimal planning (CAP) system for the initial design of the cogeneration plant composed of combining a gas engine‐driven generator, electric and gas refrigerators, gas engine‐ and electric‐driven heat pumps, gas boiler, single effect refrigerator, heat exchanger, etc. In the CAP system, it is first necessary to effectively determine the energy demand categorized by electric power, space heating and cooling, and hot water supply, together with the configuration of the plant's equipment and the tariff of fuel by utilizing the man‐machine interactive ability of a personal computer. Then to calculate the optimal operation of the co‐generation plant; the load allocation problem is investigated based on the mixed‐integer linear programming method by adopting zero‐one integer variables indicating the on/off status of operation, together with continuous variables indicating the operational level of each equipment. By using the branch and bound algorithm, the optimal operational policy is determined by a large computer. Lastly, the economical comparison of some alternative plants is made based on the annual cost method obtained on th

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn optimal planning problem of a co‐generation plant is studied which is constructed by combining gas turbine generators, waste heat boilers, auxiliary boilers, etc. The planning problem proposed is to determine the optimal configuration of the plant equipment taking into account the optimal operational policy of the plant for the annual energy demands of electric power and heat givena priori. Based on the annual cost method, the long‐term economics of the plant is evaluated by the annual total cost, which is the objective function to be minimized. This optimal planning problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming problem, and the optimal solution is derived by adopting the branch and bound method. As a result, both the configuration of the plant equipment and the operational policy are optimally determined reflecting the difference in economics and efficiency of the scale of each equipment. In addition, both the power to be purchased and the value of maximum contract demand of the purchased power is optimally determined. Using a numerical example, the validity and effectiveness of the optimal planning method proposed here is ascert

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the most important objects of research in the field of energy conservation is development of a high temperature heat pump for the industrial sector. In this framework this paper introduces a new concept of heat pump, which is a hybrid between a compressor and chemical heat pump, where instead of the latent heat of liquids, the proposed system uses the heat of gaseous catalytic reversible reactions (typeA→ B + C). This paper proposes a simple scheme with a mathematical model for the calculation of the parameters necessary to qualify the behaviour of the Heat Reaction Chemical Heat Pump (HRCHP). The Coefficient of Performance (COP) is calculated as a function of the temperature of the heat source, the temperature to which the pump upgrades the heat and the conversion of the chemical reaction. A more optimized scheme is prospecte

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter an experimental study of the thermal behaviour of an uncultivated greenhouse, a model is developed, to predict the response of a greenhouse to a given climate.Taking into account experimental results concerning the influence of a transpiring canopy to the inside air enthalpy a relationship is proposed to obtain the number of air changes necessary for the maintenance of desirable inside conditions. The application of this model in Greece, gave results which can be used for the climatization systems design of various greenhouse types.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis of exergy losses appearing in all the links of the chain of production processes, from the winning of natural resources to the fabrication of the product under consideration, has been proposed. These exergy losses inform about the influence of the imperfection of particular intermediate processes on the thermodynamic imperfection of the considered chain of processes. A graphical scheme and band diagram for the presentation of the results of analysis have been proposed. A numerical example has been included.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA chemical heat pump for upgrading low‐level thermal energy has been proposed by adopting a reversible organic reaction couple, endothermic liquid‐phase dehydrogenation of 2–propanol at low temperature and exothermic gas‐phase hydrogenation of acetone at high temperature, where thermodynamical work is done by separating condensed 2–propanol from the gaseous mixture of 2–propanol, acetone and hydrogen in a fractionation column.In the system constitution of the continuous type, the overhead vapour of the fractionation column is fed through the heat exchanger into the exothermic reactor, where acetone and hydrogen in excess are changed at 200°C into the equilibrium mixture, from which condensable 2–propanol is separated in the column by cooling at 30°C. The reverse reaction of 2–propanol decomposition into acetone and hydrogen proceeds in the endothermic reactor, i.e. the reboiler of the column, absorbing heat at 80°C. On the contrary, acetone and hydrogen in the overhead vapour of the fractionation column are stored at 30°C as liquid and metal hydride, respectively, in the system constitution of the storage type; when necessary, metal hydride is decomposed by heating at 80°C, with hydrogen at high pressure evolved and fed through the heat exchanger into the exothermic reactor, giving the equilibrium mixture at high pressure and temperature. Product condensates are transferred through a valve into the fractionation column in order to separate 2–propanol and acetone, the former of which is dehydrogenated in the endothermic liquid‐phase reactor, regenerating acetone and hydrogen at 80°C and atmospheric pressure.Energy efficiencies were evaluated for the system constitutions of both the continuous and storage types; the 80°C heat supplied was convertible into the 200°C heat continuously at the enthalpy efficiency or coefficient of performance (COP) of 0·36 in the former, whereas the 270°C heat was obtainable with the aid of metal hydride from the same heat source

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440110411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY