摘要:

AbstractWest Germany's efforts to reach a mature nuclear economy by [closing] the [back end]of the nuclear fuel cycle are discussed with special emphasis on radioactive waste management strategies. the radioactive wastes that would be generated in a closed nuclear fuel cycle are described. A brief discussion is given of the motives that underlie the current international disagreement regarding the desirability of, and the need for, closing the nuclear fuel cycle. West Germany's concept for closing the nuclear fuel cycle is outlined including institutional arrangements and responsibilities. A discussion of radioactive waste classification follows. Expected volumes and inventories of radioactive wastes are pointed out. Current practices, and research and development work in the treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes are outlined. A final section is devoted to the history, circumstances and implications of the current requirement for a [solution] for the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle as a precondition for continued expansion of nuclear power in West Germany.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA characterization study of coal ash samples from Southern Brazil (Charqueadas, Candiota and Leão Butiá) and from the U.S.A. (Pennsylvania bituminous, Illinois sub‐bituminous and North Dakota lignite) has been performed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA). Qualitative as well as quantitative data are presented. the technique also gives information on the oxidation state of several elements detected. the results are in agreement with existing data.The methodology used to extend ESCA, usually considered a surface/semisurface technique, to the analysis of bulk samples is given in some d

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe 1975 electric bill for propulsion in the New York City subway system was close to 90 million dollars. This paper addresses the question of how a subway motorman should run his train in order to minimize this energy consumption. It is shown that using maximum acceleration followed at the appropriate time by coasting, and then braking at the maximum acceptable rate, gives a particularly low energy consumption for typical subway trains (although slightly different velocity profiles can be better under appropriate circumstances). This velocity profile is relatively easy to implement, and has now been proved effective in experimental tests. As a result of recommendations reported here, the New York City Transit Authority ran idealized tests of the profile, followed by recently completed tests in revenue service which demonstrated an 18.4 per cent decrease in energy consumption using a daily weighted increase of 4.25 per cent in trip time. This paper also evaluates the energy saved using an alternative method involving equipment modification for field shunting in the series mode.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA computer simulation routine is used to analyse the economic effects of varying the heat exchangers and fans of a 3 hp commercial (base‐line) air‐air heat pump, on the assumption that it is used only for heating purposes. Both long‐term (life‐cycle costing) and short‐term (pay‐back time) economic measures are considered. the results indicate that there is economic justification for substantial increases in the capacity of the heat exchangers of the base‐line unit. Such an optimized heating‐only heat pump has technical and energetic advantages over the

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCalculations have been made to determine the variation with time of the temperature distribution around pipes buried 15 m below the soil surface, assuming the latter to be held at a constant temperature. For a fixed rate of heat extraction it is found that the soil temperatures reach quasi‐static conditions in, at most, a few days after extraction commences, implying that simpler theories for steady‐state temperatures are applicable. Calculations on the effects of grouping pipes together indicate that the pipes can be considered to be effectively isolated from one another if their separation is not less than

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMuch work has been done on the energy losses in electro‐mechanical power transmission chains. This paper suggests a useful presentation and interpretation of the dat

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA novel photo‐electrochemical cell based on a combined principle of photogalvanic and photovoltaic effects is proposed and tested. the principal element of the cell consists of a pigmented membrane separating two aqueous solutions, one of which contains thionine dye and ferrous ions. the photo‐e.m.f. generated across the cell is equal to the sum of the voltages derived from the photogalvanic and photovoltaic processes. the feasibility of such a photo‐galvano‐voltaic device for light transduction has been demon

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440020212

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY