摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses a total treatment system which is designed not only to treat waste and sewage discharged in a new town but also to use energy which is recovered from these waste materials as effectively as possible. Various alternative systems are planned by taking realization possibilities of new technologies and environmental impact into consideration, and their energy efficiencies and economy are investigated comprehensively. From the investigation, the following system is selected as the optimal one: In the sewage treatment system, an activation method using an ultradeep aeration tank is adopted as the aeration method, a method using hypochlorite as that for disinfection, and an anaerobic digestion system as that for sludge treatment. In the waste disposal system, a combined heat and power system with a pyrolysis furnace of rotary kiln type is adopted. In this total treatment system, the waste disposal system uses both the recovered gas and residues of sludge after methane fermentation in the sewage treatment process, and the sewage treatment process gets both steam and electricity which are generated by using the pyrolysis gas obtained in the pyrolysis furnace. As a result, it was made clear that the proposed total treatment system makes it possible not only to be operated by steam and electricity produced within the system itself, but also to transmit surplus power to the outside of the system.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experimental investigation has been conducted of a compressor originally designed for air‐conditioning applications to determine how much its performance could be improved for use in domestic heat pumps. The compressor was a hermetic unit of nominal capacity 15.6 cm3, driven by a single phase electric motor. The application selected was for heating only, air to air heat pumps. Improvements have been achieved in both coefficient of performance (13 per cent) and heat output (7 per cent), as well as in ancillary matters such as lubrication, noise and power facto

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analytical model which relates performance with costs of additional insulation has been developed and the optimum set of insulation values for the various surfaces of a new building has been determined in a generalized form.On this basis the determinants of the specific energy requirements, corresponding to an optimal level of insulation are identified.The sensitivity of the energy needs to variations in the building structure or design, in the economic conditions, and in the climate characteristics, is also investigated.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis communication describes an extension of our earlier approach (Murgaiet al., 1982) for a simple wood cookstove to a multistage one. This formulation, like the earlier one (Murgaiet al., 1982) lends itself to laying efficiency attainable in a stove with more than one firebox, with and without a chimney and with the use of a fuel other than the one it is designed for.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the design details of and experimental investigations on a prototype augmented integrated rock system (AIRS) with an intention of using solar energy for crop drying and space heating. The system investigated is a flat plate solar collector of conventional design connected in series with rock storage and a collection unit. For the evaluation of the 24 hour performance of this system, outdoor calorimetric tests have been performed. The experimental results for varying inlet air flow rate have been analysed and the final results have been included. AIRS' overall daily efficiency is determined by testing the system outdoors and monitoring the output energy and the incident solar radiation. Taking into consideration the total cost of the system it has been designed so that it can be fabricated on site using, wherever possible, readily available tools and materials.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of improving the performance of heat pumps for domestic space heating has been investigated. The study focuses on the short‐term storage of heat pump output energy in concrete floor panels. This paper describes the dynamic computer simulation of an air to water heat pump, a floor panel energy store and energy flowpaths in a dwelling. The heating plant, controls and building thermal behaviour, were simulated as a complete energy system to enable the study of interactions between the subsystems.The model heating system comprised a number of under floor water heated panels installed in ground floor rooms of a two storey dwelling. Supplementary energy was supplied by direct electric heaters situated in most rooms. Heat pump operating periods were controlled as a function of the external air temperature within two prescribed occupancy intervals per day.Results of the investigation indicate that a heat pump system using floor panel storage and emission may be efficiently managed to provide nearly continuous heating with little supplementary energy input. The short‐term storage of energy in thick floor panels allowed the heat pump to be operated for extended periods without cycling. Because of this, the seasonal loss in heat pump performance resulting from intermittent operation was less than 1 per cent. Attempting to supply the total space heating load with the heat pump and floor panel system resulted in severe overheating during periods of high solar or casual gain. Under these conditions the simple control strategy based on the measurement of external air temperature was ineffective. This problem was eliminated by reducing the heat pump energy input to the dwelling and supplying about 10 per cent of the seasonal energy demand by direct electric heaters.The influence of floor panel energy storage capacity on the performance of the heating system was investigated. Concrete panel depths of between 25 and 150 mm were considered. The seasonal system efficiency was found to increase with floor panel thickness, although not significantly with panel depths beyond 100 mm. The extensive use of floor slabs to store energy caused mean floor temperatures to be higher than when using direct electric air heaters only. However, with the depth of under floor insulation considered in the study (75 mm), heating the floor slab increased the seasonal energy loss of the building by only 4 per c

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe analytic hierarchy process (AHP), designed to examine the mutual dependence of various factors that lead to a decision, is applied to deal with the uncertainty in electric utility planning. This is a procedure useful for quantifying various divergencies of opinions, practices and events that lead to the planning uncertainty. A brief summary of AHP is presented in this paper, which includes the basic formulation and intuitive justification for AHP. AHP is compared with the Delphi technique which has also been used for planning with ill‐defined parameters. Finally, an example problem showing the application of AHP in electric utility planning under uncertainty is presente

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reactions of zinc chloride and zinc oxide with coal have been studied using X‐ray diffraction to monitor the 002 graphite line. It was observed that reaction of either reagent causes this diffraction line to disappear. Furthermore, addition of zinc metal reduces the weight of zinc chloride or zinc oxide needed to remove this 002 diffraction. Experiments with magnesium compounds indicate that the results with zinc compounds and coal cannot be extended to the analogous magnesium species.Thus it appears that zinc chloride or zinc oxide are capable of breaking up some of the regularity of the coal structure. This effect is enhanced by zinc metal indicating the possibility of a reaction in which zinc is switching between the elemental and oxidized form

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY