摘要:

AbstractThe paper presents a linear programming model of the Quebec and New York State power systems, which includes a detailed description of the different types of power exchange transactions that could take place in the future between these two regions. The model is used to simulate, for a given demand and fuel price scenario, the long term impact of a development of power exchanges between the two systems over a 45 year horizon. Detailed results are given on the types and amounts of new investments in both regions, the dividends derived from exchanges, and the marginal electricity costs.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA nonlinear programming optimization problem is considered for the case in which the decision vector is the vector of zonal irradiation while the objective function is the equilibrium fuel feed rate with a CANDU‐600 reactor subject to certain restrictions regarding the reactivity excess and the maximum powers per channel and bundle. The objective and restriction functions of the system are estimated within a time average approximation of a three‐dimensional two‐group diffusion type, with the control systems uniformly immersed within the reactor, and also considering the newest increments of the parasitic absorbents using FMDP program. The optimization problem is solved by means of the SUMT method, modified so as to become a technique of sequential solving for certain subproblems of linear optimization through the application of LPROG program. The results are presented as optimal vectors of zonal irradiation and as optimal values of fuel feed rate, with some two‐zone cases, which establish the best zonal configuration. This configuration is then extended to a four‐zone case which is analysed in a similar manner, evidencing a saving potential which gives the possibiliy of increasing the reactor pe

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA theoretical study on the employment of a lithium bromide absorption heat pump in Spain, used as machine type I and aimed to produce heat at 120°C via waste heat sources at 60°C, is given in the paper. Real performance conditions are stated for each component of the machine, namely the absorber, the heat recoverer, the generator, the condenser, the solution pump, the expansion valve and the evaporator. By means of thermodynamic diagrams (p, t, x) and (h, x), the required data are obtained for calculation of the heat recovered in the evaporatorQe, and the heat delivered to the absorberQaand to the condenserQc, as well as the heat supplied to the generatorQg. In addition, the heat delivered by the hot solution to the cold solution in the heat recoveredQr, and the workWpdone by the solution pump are calculated. The probable COP is calculated, and values are obtained close to 1.4. The working temperature in the generator is determined; it ranges from 178 to 200°C.The heat produced by the lithium bromide absorption heat pump is 22% cheaper than the heat obtained from a cogeneration system comprising natural gas internal combustion engine and a high temperature heat pump with mechanical compression. Compared with a high temperature heat pump with mechanical compression, the heat produced by the absorption heat pump is 31% cheaper.From (h, x) and (s, x) diagrams, exergy losses for each component can be determined, and, from these results, an exergetic efficiency of 75% is obtained, which provides the quality index of absorption cyc

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 3‐ton solar assisted hybrid refrigeration plant for sub‐zero operating temperatures has been designed, developed and installed at the Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute for storing food materials such as fish, meat, butter and cheese. The system, based on a vapour absorption refrigeration cycle, has been designed to operate at a cold‐room temperature of – 18°C using steam at a temperature of 150°C. Its performance has been studied in various seasons both under loaded and no‐load conditions, and the results ar

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis is presented of the effects of buoyancy forces in a laminar uniform forced‐convective flow with mass transfer along a semi‐infinite vertical plate. A family of solutions to the coupled nonlinear equations is numerically obtained. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are shown for different values of the dimensionless parametersgr=Gr/Rex2andgc=Gc/Refx2(Gr =Grashof number, Gc =modified Grashof number, Rex=Local Reynolds number). The numerical values of the skin friction and the rate of heat transfer for different values of Gr and Gc are also tabulated. The flow field is greatly influenced by the dimensionless ratio Gr/Rex2, which means that the effects of the free convection currents and mass transfer flow on the flow field, are import

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA procedure for the development of physically similar small‐scale model buildings, based on dimensional analysis, is outlined. Theoretical considerations are discussed, and the example of a scale of model, based on an existing prototype test building in Nigeria, is presented. The model will be built and tested at the University of Trieste in Italy. Test results should assist in verifying and improving the modelling techniqu

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDimensionless optimum lengths of an underground tunnel, for which annual heating potential (HPD) and annual cooling potential (CPD) per unit tunnel length are maximum, have been obtained in terms of dimensionless parameters. The effect of different earth‐surface treatments (shading, wetting, blackening and glazing) over the tunnel on the optimum tunnel length and corresponding values of HPD/CPD for three climates, namely hot‐dry, composite and cold‐dry, prevalent in the country have also been eval

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe thermal performance of a normal size room (4 m × 3 m × 3 m) connected to an idealized earth‐air tunnel has been analysed interms of heating degree‐hours (base 18°C) and cooling degree‐hours (base 30°C). The effects of various earth‐air tunnel parameters on the heating degree‐hours and cooling degree‐hours have been studied. The effects of various treatments of the earth surface over the tunnel have been analysed for three different climates (namely hot‐dry, hot‐humid and cold‐dry) prevalant in India. The earth‐surface treatments for hot‐dry and hot‐humid climates include shading and wetting of the earth surface, and for the cold‐dry climate, the surface treatments considered are blackening and

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOil production and its macroeconomic effects were given extensive coverage, in the UK in particular, during the early 1980s, using the principles of the Dornbusch (1976) model. However this framework has proved to be inadequate owing to its exclusion of wealth effects from developments in the current account, and by its insufficient attention to non‐oil output supply considerations. This paper attempts to overcome such deficiencies in analysing the macroeconomic effects of oil production, and is based upon an economy where the spending effect from oil production dominates the resource movement effect.The production of oil not only generates additional demand for non‐oil output and money, but also contributes to a major improvement in the current account performance. Such an improvement creates wealth effects, which have a feedback effect on the economy.Oil production is also likely to have an impact on the supply of non‐oil output. The wage‐price nexus proves to be particularly important for explaining developments in non‐oil output supply in this regard, both during and after the period of oil production. Adjustments in wages to developments in prices, is given considerable emphasis here.The primary objective here is to develop a framework conducive to the analysis of the macroeconomic effects arising from oil production, in a country where such oil production possesses certain characteristics. Because of the model's complexity, a mathematical derivation of its dynamics of adjustment and comparative statics has been downgraded, in favour of a simulation analysis of the model under alternative wage adjustment assumptions and given oil production characteristics. This enables a more detailed discussion of the macroeconomic adjustment processes at work. From these simulations it becomes apparent that the macroeconomic adjustment process for non‐oil output, in particular, is crucially affected by the wage adjustment assumpt

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndustrial cogeneration systems usually must satisfy a power load and heat loads at different temperatures. The limitations of the economic index proposed by Pak and Suzuki for such cogeneration systems is discussed in this paper. The importance of a rational exergetic basis for evaluation of different grades of energy is emphasised. Thermodynamic criteria, e.g. the exergetic efficiency, relative fuel savings and fuel chargeable to power, are shown to provide useful information regarding cogeneration options. Any assessment scheme for cogeneration schemes must incorporate thermodynamic criteria in addition to economic criteria.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440140311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY