摘要:

AbstractA framework for supporting the organization and structuring of product development teams underconcurrent engineeringenvironment is presented. The concepts of Team Structuring Dimensions (TSD) and Development Characteristics and Factors (DCF) are defined. Based on the concepts, the framework analyzes the emphasis that should be placed on each TSD according to the DCFs, and each different combination of the emphasis defines a more appropriate team organization and structuring. A more appropriate team organization facilitates the communication and information sharing between the team members, and the quality of this communication is essential for product development effectiveness and efficiency. The effectiveness of the framework is discussed by real cases in product development projects.

ISSN:1045-2699    

DOI:10.1002/hfm.4530040202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe complexity and scale of most manufacturing systems dictate a hierarchical approach to operations management (OM). Current OM models decompose the overall production problem into distinct and more manageable subproblems, at hierarchical levels characterized by product aggregation and time horizon, which mirror the organizational structure of traditional manufacturing concerns. These static models are particularly useful for establishing production goals and plans, but do not adequately capture the dynamic problems of production control and goal achievement in a changing operational environment. This article outlines an OM problem decomposition, based on a hierarchical management‐control framework, which emphasizes the dynamic balance of autonomy and decentralization in achieving planned goals within a hierarchical organization. This conceptual framework is applied to the problem of distributed production scheduling, in which plant facilities are scheduled and controlled in separate groups. Objectives for real‐time scheduling decision aids are developed, which reflect not only static considerations of time horizon and parameter aggregation, but also the organizational dynamics required for schedule control and replanning. In particular, schedule management practices must bound two hierarchical chain reactions, caused by replanning and decision‐deferral, through the use of decentralization and aut

ISSN:1045-2699    

DOI:10.1002/hfm.4530040203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reviews recent research on design and computer aided design (CAD) from a psychological perspective. Our focus is on how CAD affects design and on how more efficient computer support can be provided. Design tasks of the adaptive and of the original type are considered. Different descriptions and approaches to design are reviewed and discussed. Next, we review research on design with and without CAD and research discussing how creativity and usability in CAD can be improved. Finally, we suggest topics for future research. Different studies show a great variability among engineers both in non‐computerized design and in CAD with respect to strategies and methods used in the work. Novices appear to encounter special difficulties and can be helped, for example, to achieve a developed task understanding and to see similarities between the present task and other tasks. Interestingly, more complex CAD programs appear to be less effective than less complex CAD programs when solving simple problems. This may have to do with problems in the human‐computer interface. Important questions for future research include better understanding of the design process as such, how to make the computer interface more informative without disturbing the design process, and how databases can interact with, and be accessed by, the designer in efficient and allowable w

ISSN:1045-2699    

DOI:10.1002/hfm.4530040204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article focuses on the relationship between different types of organization‐based knowledge and its application to utilizing various forms of advanced manufacturing technology. Explicit knowledge is transparent in the sense that any firm with a comparable skill and technology base can understand and apply it in a fast and similar manner. Tacit knowledge is based more on insight, practice, and cumulative learning that is deeply embedded within the organization's dynamic routines and operating systems. The effective learning and application of new types of manufacturing skills and techniques, such as computer‐integrated manufacturing (CIM) and flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), is based heavily on the firm's cultivation of tacit, embedded knowledge to build competitive advantage. A model describes the strategic application of different manufacturing technologies across varying levels of technological change and market fragmentation. In each of the four cells, the roles of workers, managers, and different subunits of the firm are discussed as they relate to understanding the nexus between types of knowledge and manufacturing activit

ISSN:1045-2699    

DOI:10.1002/hfm.4530040205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis correlational study investigates the relationship between, on the one hand, the psychosocial and physical work environment and the technical complexity of welding robots, and, on the other hand, self‐reported musculoskeletal symptoms among operators. The study sample included 30 male operators in five plants using arc welding in their robot stations. All operators answered a questionnaire and participated in an interview. It was found that symptoms in the back were associated with both psychosocial factors and physical stressors, whereas symptoms occurring in the neck were associated mainly with physical job stressor

ISSN:1045-2699    

DOI:10.1002/hfm.4530040206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman supervisory control of advanced manufacturing systems is characterized by dynamic, discrete, and random decision‐making tasks. With humans in the system control loop, there is a concern on cognitive task allocation based on human mental workload and performance. Traditional task analysis techniques based on observable actions are no longer appropriate. In this article, an analytical model was developed based on the conceptual model of human workload prediction proposed by Salvendy (Salvendy, 1993). This model is suggested to predict task load and human workload based on system engineering parameters: task arrival rate, task complexity, task uncertainty, and task performance requirement. This article also reports on an experimental study in which the sensitivity of the proposed engineering parameters on human workload and the validity of the analytical model were studied. A real time scheduling simulator of an advanced manufacturing system was implemented and configured with experiment data. The results support strongly the analytical model and further the conceptual model of human workload prediction. It is expected that the derived cognitive task analysis method and prediction models could be used for dynamic decision‐making system design with random task arriv

ISSN:1045-2699    

DOI:10.1002/hfm.4530040207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1045-2699    

DOI:10.1002/hfm.4530040208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1045-2699    

DOI:10.1002/hfm.4530040209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1045-2699    

DOI:10.1002/hfm.4530040201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY