摘要:

AbstractAfter performing a review of the classical procedures for estimation in the principal component analysis (PCA) of a second order stochastic process, two alternative procedures have been developed to approach such estimates. The first is based on the orthogonal projection method and uses cubic interpolating splines when the data are discrete. The second is based on the trapezoidal method. The accuracy of both procedures is tested by simulating approximated sample‐functions of the Brownian motion and the Brownian bridge. The real principal factors of these stochastic processes, which can be evaluated directly, are compared with those estimated by means of the two mentioned algorithms. An application for estimation in the PCA of tourism evolution in Spain from real data is also include

ISSN:8755-0024    

DOI:10.1002/asm.3150110402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA stochastic model is developed to study household behaviour with regard to purchase quantity, brand choice and purchase timing before, during and after a price change and a price promotion such as price‐offs and price‐cuts. The basic assumption of the model is that price promotion and levels of consumer inventory influence a household's purchase‐timing and brand‐switching decisions. The model incorporates market segments and brand switching on aggregated demand for the brands by the use of multivariate Markov processes. A transient stochastic model is employed to analyse the dynamic process of household behaviour before, during, and after a price promotion. The interpurchase time that is derived from the model does not require any assumptions and is not independently, identically distributed. An empirical analysis using the Information Resources Incorporated cracker data indicated that (1) price promotion does affect household purchase of the brand and (2) households with larger family size tend to purchase promoted items. We conjecture that households with larger family size take advantage of the lower price of the promoted brands while smaller households tend to remain loyal to on

ISSN:8755-0024    

DOI:10.1002/asm.3150110403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper proposes an approach to jointly testing functional forms and heteroscedasticity within the general Box‐Cox transformation framework. The approach is then applied to decide empirically the character of the residuals from regressions of properties' open market prices on their valuatio

ISSN:8755-0024    

DOI:10.1002/asm.3150110404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose with this paper is first to analyse the strategies of Allfinanz (Bancassurance) in Germany and then to investigate if the German banks have become more efficient during the period since Allfinanz was introduced. Two methods are used to analyse efficiency: ‘financial ratio analysis’ (FRA) and ‘data envelopment analysis’ (DEA). FRA is useful in studying the change in productivity. DEA generates, efficiency scores and alternative and more efficient combinations o

ISSN:8755-0024    

DOI:10.1002/asm.3150110405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:8755-0024    

DOI:10.1002/asm.3150110401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY