摘要:

This paper reports a biomechanical study of a surgical specimen consisting of a spine segment from C2 to T4 with fracture at C6–7, stabilized by wires and methylmethacrylate. Biomechanical testing involved rigidly fixing the specimen atT3–4 and applying increasing flexion load at C2. During testing several lateral roentgenograms and photographs were taken. Results indicate that a) the immediate fixation provided by wire–methylmethacrylate was adequate, b) the weakest points of the construct were the end fixations, and c) the mode of failure was the wires pulling out of the spinous processes.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report presents three cases of brachial plexus or peripheral nerve injury which followed positioning in the operating room for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The shoulders were displaced distally and fixed, and traction was applied to the neck. The patients demonstrated neurologic deficits postoperatively consistent with brachial plexus or axillary nerve lesions. Electrodiagnostic studies were utilized in two of the patients to assess the problem. In all 3 cases, the abnormal neurologic picture resolved spontaneously within 2 weeks with no residual deficit.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Electron microscopic study was made on two back muscles, the intertransversus and the erector spinae muscles, of 12 (11 girls and 1 boy) adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis who had a vertebral angle range from 48–75°. Control muscle biopsies were taken from 3 patients who underwent operation for other aliments. The results indicate that various changes occur in these muscles irrespective of their relation to the curvature of the spine. In general, the myofibrils of the affected fibers are smaller in size and surrounded by a greater amount of myoplasm. There is also a general increase in glycogen and lipid content of the fibers. Various forms of derangement of myofilaments and Z bands are found. The sarcoplasmic reticulum in some of the affected muscles becomes dilated and vesiculated. The triads, like those of the normal fibers, are located at the A-l junction. The terminal cisternae, however, are enlarged in most cases. In 1 patient with spina bifida, the intertransversus muscle showed, in addition, extremely dilated T-tubules. Similar features were not found in the erector spinae muscle from the same patient. It is concluded from this study that various forms of structural changes occur in the back muscles of idiopathic scoliosis.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two cases graphically demonstrate the well–established but often forgotten fact that not all compression fractures of the thoracic spine are stable. Adequate diagnosis depends on good roentgenograms and, if necessary, laminograms, to show whether the vertebral body is impacted or comminuted. Vertebral body fractures involving multiple, separated fragments are not stable, and inadequately tested cases can lead to either early or delayed increasing kyphosis, loss of alignment, and neurologic deficits such that operative stabilization (anterior, posterior, or combined) may be required. In 1 case of progressive deformity and neurologic loss which required surgery, somatosensory–evoked responses, which correlated well with clinical findings, were used to monitor spinal cord function.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the past 11 years, 6 cases of symptomatic thoracic and thoracolumbar disc lesions have been treated by an anterior surgical procedure. This procedure has consisted of total discectomy of the involved intervertebral disc, followed by intervertebral body fusion using autogenous iliac bone through an anterior approach. The extrapleural approach to the thoracic vertebrae has been preferable because of simplified postoperative care with easier prevention of postoperative respiratory complications. All 6 cases have done well postoperatively. It should be emphasized that symptomatic thoracic and thoracolumbar disc lesions are suitable for surgical treatment by the anterior approach

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The cases of 3 boys affected with benign osteoblastoma in the lumbar spine, aged 12,14, and 16 years, are presented. Spinal pain and lumbar muscle spasm connected with lumbar scoliosis were diagnosed. After removing the tumor, located in the transverse process or in the pedicle of a lumbar vertebra, the patients were relieved of pain. The scoliosis was reversed, although slight convex scoliosis to the opposite side was found at followup in 2 of the cases.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Six methods of measuring intervertebral disc space height (IVD) were evaluated in experiments using isolated vertebral pairs, intact human cadavers, and living subjects. Accurate measurements of IVD required methods that corrected for radiographic magnification and carefully controlled the source–target-film relationships. Axial rotation beyond 40° and lateral bend beyond 20° prevented accurate measurements. A wide variation In IVD was found in 132 patients who had previously undergone surgical procedures for nerve root compression from herniated discs at the L4–5 and L5–S1 levels 10 or more years before. Disc space narrowing was significantly greater at operated than nonoperated levels (P=0.01), but did not correlate with clinical results. The clinical and research applications of these methods are critically assessed.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Using biplanar roentgenography, the three–dimensional spatial locations of various bony landmarks on the human lumbar vertebrae were calculated, and their positions compared with anatomically determined values via sectional technique. A previously described method was found to be accurate for localizing bony landmarks in space when the vertebral end–plates or superior pedicles could be seen on anteroposterior and lateral films. The experimental technique simulatedin vivoconditions, suggesting that biplanar roentgenography is a useful method for study of vertebral orientation and motion in living subjects.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The posterior paravertebral muscles of the lumbar spine are supplied segmentally by the posterior primary rami of the lumbar and sacral nerves. Electromyographic examination of these muscles is used to seek evidence of specific lumbar and sacral nerve root compromise. An anatomic study of the posterior rami and their branches has demonstrated that these nerves are very liable to be damaged during a routine posterior surgical approach to the lumbar spine. In a clinical and electromyographic study of 113 patients, all of whom underwent posterior lumbar spinal surgery, it was shown that some measure of denervation of the paravertebral muscles occurred in 96% of cases. Denervation was shown to persist for many years following surgery, and reservation was only partial. It was concluded that diagnostic electromyography of the paraspinal muscles in a postsurgical patient is of no value.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report details the electromyographic findings of 109 patients who underwent facet rhizotomy. All patients had mechanical lowback and extremity pain. Relief of such pain with this technique is dependent on bilateral denervation of the structures supplied by the posterior primary ramus. Eighty percent of patients demonstrating bilateral denervation of the posterior primary ramus muscles report good–to–excellent relief of pain.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID