ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171607

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dyspepsia is a vague term for the nonspecific symptoms of upper abdominal discomfort, prolonged postprandial fullness or early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal bloating. Many common and accepted diseases and disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux and irritable bowel syndrome cause dyspepsia symptoms; these disorders should be identified and treated. However, many patients with dyspepsia symptoms have normal radiographic and endoscopic evaluations; in these patients, neuromuscular of functional disorders of the stomach ranging from gastric dysrhythmias to gastroparesis may be the cause of dyspepsia symptoms. A practical approach to the evaluation and treatment of dyspepsia symptoms attributed to gastric neuromuscular dysfunction of unknown origin is described.

ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171608

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Microsporidia, which are members of the phylum Microspora, are increasingly recognized as causing opportunistic infections in persons with immunodeficiency (e.g., AIDS). Diarrhea is the predominant clinical sign associated with infections by two Microsporidia, namely Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (which was formerly named Septata intestinalis). Prevalence rates of microsporidiosis in persons with AIDS and chronic diarrhea range fron 7 to 50%. Transmission electron microscopy has been the gold standard by which to diagnose microsporidiosis and requires observing a polar filament which is the structure distinguishing Microsporidia from other organisms. Transmission electron microscopy is difficult, time-consuming, costly, relatively insensitive, and requires a great deal of expertise. As such, histochemical methods have been developed and improved for detecting Microsporidia. Diagnoses from stool specimens or enteric fluids can be made using the chitin-staining fluorochromes (e.g., Calcofluor White) and the modified trichrome stain which are highly sensitive, particularly when both are used. Immunofluorescent antibody staining methods are being developed to improve specificity, but reagents are not yet commercially available. Microsporidia can be detected most readily in tissue biopsies by Gram stain, Giemsa stain, or immunofluorescent antibody. Polymerase chain reaction methods are in their infancy for application, but should prove to be particularly sensitive and specific in the future.

ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171609

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Although adenocarcinoma of the stomach has decreased in incidence over the past several decades, cancer of the gastric cardia has increased rapidly over this time frame. There are several differences between adenocarcinoma of the cardia and distal stomach with respect to epidemiology, risk factors, and prognosis. In addition, recent data raise questions with regard to possible associations of cardia cancer with Barrett’s esophagus, intestinal metaplasia of the cardia, and Helicobacter pylori. This article will review the current literature with regard to this important tumor and explore these potential disease association

ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171610

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Conclusive evidence of isoniazid (INH)-related hepatotoxicity ranging from asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes to fulminant hepatic failure resulting in liver transplantation and/or death has been firmly established. Anticipation of the widespread usage of INH in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis is expected due to the recent increasing incidence of tuberculosis. The aim of this article is to review the current concepts of pathogenesis, histopathology, risk factors and clinical features of INH-related hepatitis, emphasizing the need for vigilance.

ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171611

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171612

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171613

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171614

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171615

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0257-2753    

DOI:10.1159/000171616

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger