摘要:

Disaster assessment and assistance activities are often hampered by organizational problems which diminish the effect of these efforts on the people they are intended to help. Inefficient targeting of relief causes reduced coverage of needy populations and inflated costs. In order to ensure that the most needy populations receive appropriate types and amounts of assistance, collection of assessment data must be at the lowest possible administrative unit. In addition, it is essential that disaster assessment be a dynamic process in which follow‐up activities monitor possible changes in vulnerability and need in the targeted populations.This paper presents a method for post‐disaster rapid needs assessment at the community level. Indigenous numerators are used to collect data with which communities are served and ranked according to need. Qualitative and quantitative methods are incorporated to provide rapidly a centralised database with which relief organizations can accurately target specific communities for assista

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As a deltaic plain, Bangladesh annually experiences riverbank erosion hazard due to sudden and rapid channel shifting, particularly in the major floodplain areas of the country. Consequently, valuable cultivable land is lost; also village settlements, markets and towns are destroyed, displacing tens of thousands of people. This paper examines the magnitude of river channel migration and encroachment on land, and the nature of human adjustment systems in the Brahmaputra–Jamuna floodplain, by investigating aspects of the social and cultural dynamics of resettlement of the displaced people. Some policy measures are recommended to improve the ability of the people in the floodplain to cope with these hazard

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The severe floods of 1987 in Bangladesh had devastating effects on many development activities. Here, the use and condition of improved sanitation facilities (double pit water sealed latrines) during the 1987 peak flood period are presented. Two surveys on the use and condition of the latrines were carried out in May (pre‐flood) and September (post‐flood) 1987 in a rural area 60 km north of Dhaka, with a population of about 4500. General usage of the latrines by the population aged five years or more decreased from 88% to 78% (p<0.001) after the flood. Only 40% of the 343 latrines which were in use and had no damaged component at the time of the pre‐flood survey still had no damaged components after the floods. Fencing was the component which suffered the most damage. It was the only component which was installed and maintained by the users, project staff being responsible for all other components. The estimated post‐flood repair cost was approximately US $4.0 per latrine. Development of an affordable and durable fencing is reco

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There are still deficiencies in the delivery of disaster aid and the overall policies need further re‐examination. This paper looks at the particular circumstances of the island nations of the Southwest Pacific. In their context, dependence on outside help for counter‐disaster management is recognised, but in the light of the present economic, social, cultural and political characteristics of these countries, it is concluded that aid donors should shift the emphasis of their activities to the promotion of a greater self‐help approach in the individual countries, as against the provision of emergency material aid from outside. The extent to which this policy could be adopted depends on the local resource base. Rather than relying mainly on emergency ad hoc aid delivery following each disaster, it is considered that donors would improve the disaster response through the previous provision of advice, training and funds. This would facilitate the growth and development of internal counter‐disaster organizatons, and assist countries to make their own decisions on the timing and nature of the aid required. Such a policy could also meet concerns that arise about external inter

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper focusses on the housing conditions of the displaced people who were forced to move to West Beirut due to the conflict in Lebanon which started in 1975. With the lack of any emergency housing provision, people have adopted two ways to shelter their families; either by occupying vacant buildings or by squatting on unused land (land squatting).The study is based on fieldwork undertaken in order to gain a deeper insight into the displaced people's housing conditions. The results of the survey analysis are believed to be common to other displaced people, as has been verified by comparison with the available information in newspaper reports, unpublished documents, and other accounts.The paper concludes with a reconstruction strategy, composed of two policies. First, a short‐term policy which deals with the urgent needs of the people in the place of refuge. Thus mitigation and risk reduction are the aims of this policy. Second, a long‐term policy which concentrates on future housing reconstruction; in which economic development, social integration and cultural identity are the basic featu

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite the frequency with which disasters occur, very few if any third world countries have developed elaborate disaster mitigation networks. Most commonly, governments in these countries focus their attention on disaster relief rather than disaster mitigation and preparedness. It is the contention of this paper that apart from the political and economic instability which will result from government apathy, lack of sensitivity to the question of disasters and disaster preparedness will result in untold suffering for the millions of our people who live on the urban margins and who are the most exposed to the dangers of disasters. This paper is about disasters and disaster response in Zambia.

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cross‐border relief operations to non‐government controlled regions of Eritrea and Tigray have been on‐going since before the 1984/85 famine in Ethiopia became international news. Little is officially known about the character and scale of these operations, however, as a result of their politically sensitive nature. The background, assets and limitations of the operations are examined, with a focus on the period 1985–1988. The report also addresses issues arising from the delivery of assistance in the context of so‐called internal wars against the central g

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY