摘要:

This study was initiated to test if structural flood‐alleviation measures were more popular than non‐structural measures among the floodplain residents of the Yangtze Delta, because of the long tradition of ‘living with embankments and other flood control structures’. The results of a pilot questionnaire survey among 239 respondents from four sample villages of two typical floodplains of the delta indicated that, contrary to expectations, the non‐structural measure of flood insurance attracted more favourable responses (97 per cent) than any one of the structural measures, although the latter were also frequently selected by the respondents (64 – 92 per cent). A number of multivariate logit regressions between each of the preferred flood‐alleviation measures and the respondents' flood adaptations identified some of the determinants of these preferences. For a more complete explanation of the causes of popularity of various flood‐alleviation measures, further research should incorporate a behavioural model with trade‐offs for alt

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The increasing scale of international intervention in conflict is generating new pressures on the humanitarian community. Increased expenditure on emergency relief, static levels of overseas development aid and subsequent lack of funds for development are dictating that agencies design relief projects that positively effect developmental reconstruction.This paper examines the provision of shelter for refugees and displaced persons in the Republic of Croatia and identifies ways in which it has encouraged and discouraged sustainable reconstruction. It argues that to promote lasting reconstruction, programmes must focus on saving livelihoods as well as lives, thus minimising the long‐term psychological and physical impacts of aid on refugees, displaced persons and host communitie

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The WTC disaster provided an opportunity to look for ways to prevent morbidity among occupants of high‐rise buildings during fires. This paper first describes the overall morbidity resulting from the explosion and fire, and second, presents the results of a case‐control study carried out to identify risk factors for smoke‐related morbidity. The main ones include: increased age, presence of a pre‐existing cardio‐pulmonary condition, entrapment in a lift and prolonged evacuation time. Study results point to the importance of the following safety systems during high‐rise building fires: smoke‐control systems with separate emergency power sources; lift‐cars, lift‐car position‐monitoring systems, and lift‐car communication systems with separate emergency power sources; two‐way emergency communication systems on all floors and in stairwells; stairwells with emergency lighting and designed for the rapid egress of crowds; evacuation systems/equipment to assist in the evacuation of vulnerable people (elderly, infirm). Also important are evacuation plans that include regularly scheduled safety trainin

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Grain food aid averages 13 million tonnes per year. Donors have a duty to deliver food aid grain in an adequate and acceptable condition at least cost. This paper reviews commodity procurement, packaging, inspection, shipping and storage with regard to overall quality assurance and cost‐effectiveness. Experience at ports of loading and discharge and in food aid delivery programmes indicates that sufficient attention is rarely paid to quality assurance and loss minimisation. Grain procurement specifications that are normally appropriate for safe handling and storage in temperate climates, particularly moisture content, are commonly inappropriate for tropical climates. The technology for safe delivery of food aid grain is well established but not always implemented. Procurement of food aid grain in developing countries has increased recently, creating a need to improve operational and management aspects of tendering and quality assurance procedures. Such purchases entail potential cost savings but are associated with lengthening delivery lead times for non‐urgent consignments. Although woven polypropylene sacks are cheaper to buy than jute ones, the losses associated with handling and storage problems indicate that jute sacks are preferable for food aid deliv

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The post‐Cold War era has witnessed an increased number of conflicts and higher levels of international intervention by the humanitarian community and the military. Those who undertake to research the actions of relief and development agencies acting in these wars must act within new parameters that require a flexible, innovative and reflective approach. Not much is known about data collection in war. The most relevant publications come from the field of development studies. This paper is a beginning in a much‐needed discourse on researching under fire; it is offered not as a definitive work, but as a starting‐point for discu

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Arms to Fight, Arms to Protect: Women Speak Out About Conflict, edited by Olivia Bennett, Jo Bexley and Kitty Warnock.After the Guns Fall Silent — The Enduring Legacy of Landmines, by Shawn Roberts and Jody Williams.Fire in the Rain: The Democratic Consequences of Chernobyl, by Peter Gould.The Experience of Poverty: Fighting for Respect and Resources in Village India, by Tony Beck.Linking Relief and Development.IDS Bulletin25(4)Ethnicity and Conflict in the Horn of Africa, edited by Ed Katsuyoshi Fukui and John Markakis.Sustaining Relief with Development: Strategic Issues for the Red Cross and Red Crescent, by Ian McAllister.A Guide to Social Analysis for Projects in Developing Countries, Overseas Development Administration.A World Safe from Natural Disasters: The Journey of Latin America and the Caribbean, Pan American Health Organizatio

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY