ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report describes the progress of the landslide and flood emergency that occurred in Valtellina, in the northern Italian Alps, during July and August 1987. For the authorities, the critical problem was one of controlling the rise of a large lake impounded on the River Adda by landslide debris that threatened to breach catastrophically, releasing a major floodwave. Several lessons can be learned from the way in which the emergency was managed. First, helicopters played a critical role in evacuating survivors and moving supplies around the disaster area, but there was scope for better co‐ordination of operations. Secondly, high levels of private car ownership allowed greater flexibility in designing mass evacutation plans for threatened communites, but such high personal mobility proved difficult to control in order to ensure public safety. In future, education programmes could be used to help people appreciate the dangers of driving during periods of great natural hazard risk. Thirdly, the Valtellina disaster coincided with a change of national government, including substitution of the Minister of Civil Protection. This led to a policy vacuum, sub‐optimal decision making and erosion of public confidence in political leaders. Landslide‐dammed lakes represent a widespread but rather unpredictable hazard: they therefore require flexible emergency repsonse, but not without decisive leade

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The two largest known pre‐1850 Scandinavian earthquakes are the 22 December 1759 Kattegat event (located at 57.7°N‐11.1°E) and the 31 August 1819 Nordland event (located at 66.4°N‐14.4°E), the latter being the largest north European near‐shore earthquake of the past few centuries. The 22 December 1759 event caused minor damage to buildings (MMIVII) on either side of the Kattegat in Northern Jutland and in the Swedish province ofBohuslän, and was felt up to 600 km away. The 31 August 1819 earthquake caused widespread damage (MMIVIII) to stone components of wooden buildings in the sparsely populated region of Nordland Norway, as well as very extensive rockfalls, liquefaction phenomena and a remarkable variety of disturbances in fjords and in the sea. The earthquake was felt throughout northern Scandinavia over distances of

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An evaluation of Khmer refugee public health services found a strong cultural preference for older females as Community Health Workers (CHWs), in contrast to the young males employed. Class conflicts were identified between educated, upper‐class CHWs and the uneducated camp majority. Poor community acceptance of the CHWs impaired their effectiveness, and was attributed to age, sex and socioeconomic barriers. Based on these evaluation findings, the refugee health program was restructured to include a preponderance of female workers. A repeat survey demonstrated enhanced program effectiveness following this change.Selection of refugee health workers should be based on intrinsic community roles, taking age, sex, socioeconomic and other group distinctions into account. Additional research is needed on the adaptation of community health principles to the refugee contex

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Longitudinal comparison of anthropometric data from cross‐sectional surveys is commonly used to assess nutritional status in relief operations. In a refugee camp in Sudan, assessment indicated a high level of childhood malnutrition, but nutritional status appeared relatively unchanged between cluster sample surveys in January (26.3% below 80% of median weight‐for‐height) and March 1985 (28.4% below 80% of median weight‐for‐height). However, in this interval, which was marked by irregular food supplies and relatively low energy (calorie) intake as well as by a high incidence of diarrhoeal disease and measles, nearly 13% of all children in the camp died. This deceptive appearance of stability in nutritional status in the face of high mortality may be explained by ongoing nutritional deterioration (“replacement malnutrition”) among surviving children. These findings demonstrate that collection and analysis of mortality data are essential for the correct interpretation of anthropometric results during periods of uncertai

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In November 1985, tuberculosis was highly prevalent among the 6,250 Tigrayan refugees ofFau I camp in Eastern Sudan. It was therefore decided to launch an active case‐finding campaign aimed at decreasing transmission, to be carried out by primary health care workers. The entire population of the camp was screened for symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis and the sputum of people with productive cough was examined by direct microscopy. However, it was considered that this examination was insufficiently sensitive in the camp situation. For this reason, people with non‐productive cough or sputum‐negative were enrolled in a follow‐up program whose length was determined by the severity of their symptoms.The campaign was interrupted by circumstances that are typical of refugee situations. On the basis of results obtained a few conclusions can nonetheless be made on the appropriateness of introducing an active screening program in situations where a stable refugee population has good access to basic health care of good

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From May to November 1985 most refugee camps in Eastern Sudan were affected by cholera. This article summarizes the experience from the refugee camp Wad Sherife with the emphasis on the practical aspects of management of cholera in a refugee context. Paramedical personnel from the refugee community were used to a great extent both in curative and preventive measures. The home visitors played an important role in the early detection of the cases and in trying to prevent the spread of cholera in the camp. A total of 1793 cases were admitted during a three month period. The results show a case fatality rate of 1.8%. A significantly higher number of women were affected in the age group 15–44. As seen in other refugee camps in Eastern Sudan, there was a relatively high intravenous fluid consumption with an average of about 6 litres in adult

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY