ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—There are some 460,000 Eritrean and Tigrean political refugees in Sudan. The numbers have increased dramatically since the mid‐1970s, and as yet there are no convincing signs of peace which would allow the prospect of a speedy return home. Sudan is thus faced with one of the Third World's largest populations of long term refugees, and the capacity of the economy to absorb such numbers into its labour force is an acute and potentially violent issue. Discussion and planning has been hindered by a lack of specific information on the proportion of refugees who are of urban or rural origin and the proportion of those who might undertake skilled or unskilled employment. The following report of a census and survey of a refugee village in eastern Sudan offers some insight into the problem and suggests steps towards its solut

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFrom a review of the literature, it can be concluded that it is always advantageous and usually necessary to distribute the casualties of a disaster to several hosp‐hospitals rather than allowing 1 hospital, the nearest to the scene, to bear the whole load.The potential of these hospitals would be enhanced if their preparedness and planning included anticipation of their functioning as part of a framework of the entire capacity of the medical services of an entire small country, or a region of a larger one. For the smooth functioning of this framework, central co‐ordination and control of the distribution of the load, the movements within it, the strengthening of its various component parts is necessary and services other than medical (transport, communications, etc.) are essential.The establishment of a multihospital system for disaster situations for a whole region is suggested. This would integrate all medical facilities and services of the region, as well as promoting additional services, first horizontally integrated and later vertically, and would have a central governing body with full authority to prepare the system for the calamity and to execute the implementation of the plan when disaster occurs.This body may find it useful to base some of its decision in the planning as well as the implementing stage, on an assumed population of casualties that is characteristic for the region and on implications that may be drawn from the populat

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSuccessful problem‐solving is usually based upon a sound knowledge of the problem. Where the problem is a hazard, the impossibility of a ‘solution’ in terms of complete prevention is well known but proper problem assessment is still required. Detailed hazard zone mapping can be a valuable aid to planning to reduce hazards and to avoid disasters. A map is a powerful visual medium for conveying information where awareness of disaster proneness amongst public officials and others is limited. However, a map is also a comparatively limited medium for analysing risks and is most useful to planners if combined with detailed supporting documentation.Maps and related documents are particularly useful if they provide a complete assessment of risk, are periodically updated, are integrated with the planning process and are systematically compiled and presented at an appropriate scale. Map scale often presents problems. The larger the scale, the less limited the map will be in recording useful detail but updating becomes more costly and therefore less likely. The Water Authorities Section 24(5) surveys are remarkably detailed and are valuable planning and research materials. They demonstrate the widespread nature of flooding problems and the need for decades of flood alleviation and drainage expenditure in England and Wales. Further standardisation of content and presentation could enhance the value of the survey reports but their value depends ultimately upon regular and systematic upd

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY