ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study reviews articles published in 2000 and 2001 about occupational physical activities as risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip. Six studies were identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE; five case-control studies and one cross-sectional study. Criteria for OA were: (on the waiting list for) joint replacement or (symptomatic) radiologic OA. Exposure was assessed by structured interviews or self-administered questionnaires. Job titles or details on specific physical activities were used as determinants. The authors determine that information bias and nondifferential misclassification, with respect to occupational risk factors, cannot be excluded. Relevant confounding factors were adequately taken into account. Even though response rates were high, nonresponse bias may still have an influence, although its impact cannot be assessed accurately. Within these constraints the studies gave further evidence to support the role of jobs and occupational physical activities on the occurrence of OA.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis. However, the influence of smoking on disease outcome has only been investigated very recently, and the data are not clear-cut. Smoking has a number of important effects on the immune system and sex hormones that may influence disease pathogenesis. Smoking has also been shown to affect disease outcome in other inflammatory diseases. The major focus of this review is to explore the relationship between smoking and severity of rheumatoid arthritis in detail.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Research into psoriatic arthritis continues to be hampered by the lack of a validated case-definition. There may be progress toward consensus with a new data-derived diagnostic classification criteria set recently reported and a current international project aiming to firmly validate criteria. Statistical techniques such as latent class analysis may permit a comparison of the accuracy of competing criteria sets, in the absence of a gold standard for diagnosis. Genetic studies are inconclusive, but ethnic differences in disease expression suggest a definite genetic role. Recent community-based research suggests an incidence rate of about 6/100,000 per annum, and a prevalence of about 1/1000. Clinic-based disease may be associated with increased mortality, whereas community based disease is not. The development of internationally accepted criteria for the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis will be a major impetus towards research into this complex disease.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Symptoms are a daily occurrence in the lives of most people, and many do not consult their doctors for their clinical complaints. Information on the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders and on healthcare utilization patterns can be obtained from population surveys or from records of visits to primary care physicians. A decision to consult a primary care physician for musculoskeletal disorders is not based simply on the presence or absence of physical symptoms, but also involves a complex mixture of social and psychological factors.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for an instrument is a much sought after, but elusive figure. In this review we will highlight new findings in this area, including taxonomy of MCID, methods used to ascertain MCID, the perspective taken for evaluating importance, and other sources of variation for MCID values. In the end we believe the MCID will be a context-specific value rather than a fixed number. The review highlights the need to do methodological research in this area, especially concurrent comparisons between approaches, or across different patient groups. There are many faces to the MCID, it is not a simple concept, nor simple to calculate.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a reduced life expectancy when compared with the general population. Cardiovascular death is considered the leading cause of mortality in patients with RA; it is responsible for approximately half the deaths observed in RA cohorts. The prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidity is difficult to assess accurately, because cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a tendency to remain silent in the rheumatoid patient. It is not clear why rheumatoid patients have higher rates of coronary disease. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not seem to be wholly responsible for the increased cardiovascular risk. Novel cardiovascular risk factors, including inflammatory markers, have been identified over the past few years. It may be that these new cardiovascular risk factors are responsible for accelerating coronary heart disease in patients with RA. This article reviews recent literature relating to the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the context of RA.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Knowledge about the economic burden of rheumatic diseases has progressed during recent years. In addition to the increasing number of studies published, the Economics Working Group of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial (OMERACT) Conference has produced substantial work to improve methodological standards for the economic evaluation of rheumatic diseases. Some of their preliminary results are presented in this review. Recent data have confirmed two main conclusions of previous studies: the total economic burden of rheumatic diseases is often more substantial than other chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer; and the impact of the disability caused by musculoskeletal diseases is significant on both direct (long-term care in osteoporosis for example) and indirect costs (productivity loss in chronic patients). Besides that, cost-effectiveness studies have provided valid information to improve disease management, especially for patients with rheumatoid arthritis or chronic low back pain.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Increased participation by the general population in athletic activities leads to increased trauma to bones, joint surfaces, and soft tissues. Management and treatment of these injuries has significantly improved over the past few decades. The application of knowledge gained from basic science research in biology and biomechanics has continuously contributed to that. Biological advances have been made in the field of gene therapy, cell therapy, and tissue engineering. Certainly, the greatest focus is bone and cartilage research that will lead to improved fracture repair in the traumatic injured population, as well as prevention of early osteoarthritic changes in the injured athletic population. In biomechanical research, contributions have been made to further understand kinematic behavior of joints that will lead to improved ligament reconstruction techniques and rehabilitation regimens. Various fixation techniques and several different ligament reconstruction techniques have been studied and validated. In the future, improved understanding of ligament healing, graft incorporation, and revascularization will lead to improved outcome of surgical reconstruction techniques in orthopaedic sports medicine. Exciting research has been performed over the past years and will be reviewed in this article.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chondral injures are present in up to 10 to 12% of all individuals. When symptomatic, chondral lesions manifest in knee pain, swelling, and loss of function. Cartilage loss may be partial or complete, and it may affect one or multiple locations. The natural history of untreated lesions most likely results in increased disability and progression of cartilage loss. Lesions are classified according to location, depth, and size. Nonsurgical treatment modalities include oral medications, injections, bracing, or physical therapy. Surgical treatment ranges from arthroscopic debridement to implantation of autologous chondrocytes beneath a periosteal patch covering the lesion. The patient's symptoms, age, activity level, and lesion characteristics must be considered and matched with a suitable procedure.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID