ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Epidemiologie studies are important for both understanding and defining rheumatology practice. Controversy still exists over whether the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is declining, and genetic studies indicate a diversity of HLA haplotypes in rheumatoid arthritis. Large longitudinal osteoarthritis studies have helped define diagnostic criteria and the role of obesity in disease progression. The negative association between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis at specific sites continues to be explored, and the value of long-term estrogen therapy in preventing bone loss has been examined. Both retrospective and prospective population studies have been used to describe the relationship between silicone gel breast implants and connective tissue disease. These and other studies have helped to define the important role of epidemiologic research in the understanding of rheumatic diseases.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The emergence of various therapeutic possibilities in the field of osteoarthritis has strongly prompted clinicians to conduct studies to evaluate the symptomatic as well as the potential chondromodulating effects of these treatments. For this purpose, some authors recently proposed guidelines with regard not only to the potential outcome variables to assess cartilage breakdown but also the characteristics of both the patients and the osteoarthritis in demonstrating chondromodulating effects. The most clinically relevant variable will be chosen (with regard to simplicity as well as reliability, validity, and responsiveness). This variable will be applied in the particular subgroup of patients who show predictive factors of osteoarthritis progression.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Health economic studies in rheumatology have never been of greater policy importance, but unfortunately there are only a small number of researchers examining issues in this area. This paper reviews studies relating to economics and rheumatology as well as some important methodologie issues relating to conducting such studies. The topics covered include cost-identification analysis, physician variation, specialty versus subspecialty care, utility assessment, decision analysis, quality of life, time preferences and discounting, and sensitivity analysis. More than ever, now is the time to provide policy makers with evidence that rheumatologists provide medical care that is not only the finest from a medical perspective but the most cost effective from society's perspective.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The literature on education and behavioral and social research in rheumatology represents diverse areas. Studies of medical education continue to be concerned with the effects of health care reform, the subsequent estimates of personnel shortages, and proposals to meet these shortages. Patient education in rheumatology is concerned with new guidelines for establishing the credibility of intervention programs through randomized clinical trials. Social and behavioral research focuses on measurement issues in pain and depression, the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions to enhance functioning, assessment of social and psychological functioning, and the influence of gender, class, and ethnicity on health outcomes in arthritis. A unifying framework that should be incorporated into professional, patient, and public education, as well as into clinical research protocols is the biopsychosocial model of illness. This model builds on the biomedical model of disease to include the underlying social, psychological, and cultural factors that influence course and outcome of the rheumatic diseases.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There have been a number of recent developments in elbow surgery for arthritis and stiffness. Advances have occurred in our understanding of the basic biomechanics of elbow arthroplasty as well as in the long-term clinical follow-up of patients treated with these implants. In addition, treatment of elbow arthritis by nonprosthetic means, including arthroscopy and a variety of open procedures, has been further advanced by reports in the literature. An escalating interest in the role of and techniques for elbow arthroscopy has broadened the indications for this technique to expand into the area of treatment of the stiff elbow as well. This paper will discuss these three areas of elbow surgery as they relate to the treatment of elbow arthritis.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The evolution of total knee replacement designs and techniques has made possible predictable and long-lasting pain relief in the treatment of knee arthritis. Excellent long-term results have been obtained with cemented knee replacement, with or without preservation of the posterior cruciate ligament. Attempts to achieve similar results with cementless implants have been hampered by designs with thin polyethylene and high-contact stresses, leading to early failure. Unicompartmental replacement can be used in the treatment of focal arthritis in one compartment, but designs with thin polyethylene must be avoided. Low molecular weight heparin can be a useful adjunct to warfarin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis. Further studies must be made to lower the incidence of infection, mechanical failure, and wear-debris generation.

ISSN:1040-8711    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID