摘要:

At the Savannah River plant of the Atomic Energy Commission near Aiken, South Carolina, there are three distinct groundwater systems: the coastal plain sediments, the crystalline metamorphic rocks, and a buried Triassic basin. The coastal plain sediments include several Cretaceous and Tertiary granular aquifers and aquicludes, the total thickness being about 305 m. Below these sediments, water occurs in small fractures in crystalline metamorphic rock (hornblende schist and gneiss with lesser amounts of quartzite). Water level fluctuations due to earth tides are recorded in the crystalline metamorphic rock system and in the coastal plain sediments. No water level fluctuations due to earth tides have been observed in wells in the Triassic rock because of the very low permeability. The water level fluctuations due to earth tides in the crystalline rock are about 10 cm, and those in the sediments are about 1.8 cm. The use of water level fluctuations due to earth tides to calculate porosity appears to present practical difficulties both in the crystalline metamorphic rock system and in the coastal plain sediments. In a 1‐yr pumping test on a well in the crystalline metamorphic rock the flow was controlled to within 0.1% of the total discharge, which was 0.94 l/s. The water level fluctuations due to earth tides in the pumping well were 10 cm, the same as when this well was not being pumpe

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00165

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To improve predictive equations of the snowmelt process, we need to better understand the relative importance of various meteorological parameters. Factor analysis and regression analysis were used to determine the effectiveness of wind, air temperature, vapor pressure, and net radiation in predicting snowmelt. Analyses of meteorological and snowmelt data collected at a site near Boise, Idaho, in May 1973 showed that the standard error of daily snowmelt prediction could be decreased 13% by using vapor pressure, net radiation, and wind in predictive equations rather than just air temperature.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00174

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many hydrologic models, including both linked process simulation models and unit hydrograph models, require estimates of land use characteristics (e.g., percentage of impervious area) for calibration. Past investigations have demonstrated that reliable estimates of land use can be obtained by aerial photograph sampling analyses. Even when aerial photographs are available, however, it is an expensive and time‐consuming process to measure land use characteristics. Prediction equations that are derived from data characterized by high variability in the land use characteristics appear to be a reliable alternative to aerial photograph sampling analyses. In addition to being less expensive and time consuming the prediction equation approach can be used in generating land use estimates for future land use configurations. The prediction equations derived herein require demographic characteristics (e.g., population density and housing density) that can be obtained from census summaries or projections compiled by planning agencies and thus could be used with hydrologic models to estimate the impact of future development alternative

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00177

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report considers the economically efficient level of environmental assimilative capacity in the case of thermal electric rejected heat discharges to large lakes subject to temperature standards. A mathematical model relating heated effluent flow rate and ‘near‐field’ temperature is used to determine maximum diffuser port size. Diffusor costs are developed as a function of discharge velocity, port size being given. Cooling tower costs are also developed for comparison with diffusor costs in selecting an optimal level of thermal assimilative capacity. The relationship between this selection process and optimal power plant siting models is outlined. It is shown that arbitrarily fixing discharge velocity at some ‘practical’ level will tend to bias the results of these siting models toward overly conservative use of thermal assimilative capacity. That is, available capacity will not be fully exploited, and the cost of a given level of power output will be greater than is

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00180

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between phosphorus retention and several other lake and watershed parameters was examined for 15 lakes. A model relating the areal water load (qs) to phosphorus retention was proposed:Rp= 0.426 exp (−0.271qs) + 0.574 exp (−0.00949qs). This model was found to be theoretically sound, and the predicted and measured values were in close agreement (r= 0.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00182

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00184

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00186

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00188

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00190

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY