摘要:

A long‐range capacity expansion planning model is formulated that provides a projection of future water supply availabilities based on economic efficiency. The planning model provides a least‐cost schedule of development projects that also maximizes the net benefits of the outputs of those projects to a regional economy. A dynamic programing algorithm is used to schedule the projects, and a Leontief input‐output linear program is used to model the response to project supplies. Multilevel theory is used to provide a dynamic coordination scheme that seeks the best joint solution of the scheduling problem and the input‐output linear program. A regional planning example is p

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01051

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A procedure for analyzing reimbursement mechanisms for natural resource development projects is presented and applied to a case study of a proposed water transfer project in Wyoming. The analytic framework presented consists of an impact matrix and a reimbursement matrix. Efficiency, equity, revenue‐raising ability, and administrative feasibility criteria are utilized to assess the reimbursement mechanisms in light of information displayed in the two matrices. Application of the analytic framework to the case study indicates its usefulness to state and regional planners responsible for project financing and reimbursement analyses. By utilizing separate impact and reimbursement matrices the framework described helps to distinguish between impacts of a project on groups within a region and how those groups might share in or be reimbursed for project and related costs. Also in contrast to conventional repayment analyses focusing primarily on user charges the framework permits consideration of a wide range of reimbursement mechanism

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01061

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seven examples of analysis with linear programing models are used to illustrate methods of treating interdependence in the appraisal of irrigation projects. The kinds of interdependence analyzed are (1) between investment projects and other policy instruments, (2) among different types of investment projects, and (3) between local and sector‐level decisions on investment outlays. The applications discussed refer to irrigation districts in the central plateau and northwestern littoral of Mexic

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01071

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Iran has nationalized water and is faced with the problems of pricing it. A proposal for pricing irrigation water is presented in which water is managed by nonprofit water authorities. An irrigation project is divided into zones, and a single price is proposed for each zone. Operation and maintenance costs are set as a lower limit on price, and a certain fraction of ability to pay is set as an upper limit. Zones are ranked by assigned reimbursable costs, and a system is proposed that would produce water revenues in aggregate equal to total project reimbursable costs. For those zones where water is priced above reimbursable cost the price is set at that level where the price minus reimbursable costs, as a percentage of the difference between the upper limit and reimbursable cost, is the same for all zones. For those zones where the price is below reimbursable cost, the recommended price is at the upper limit.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01080

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study uses data obtained from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit Program and self‐monitoring data from the regional water quality control board in an analysis of waste discharges to water‐courses in the San Francisco Bay region. The analysis shows that the majority of these discharge loads can be attributed to a few sources. Trend analysis showed that the BOD load has declined in relation to the quantities discharged in the early 1960's. Nutrients, however, have increased at an annual rate of about 4% since the early 196

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01085

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Different decision rules for operating a multireservoir system are examined. The system analyzed serves recreation as well as flow augmentation purposes. The operation rules range from the so‐called conventional policy to a policy that uses flow forecasting and mathematical programing for the optimization. Historical data are used to simulate the operation of the system under the different rules, and an assessment of the policies is made on the basis of multiobjective criteri

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01090

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to limit the probability that a water resource system will fail when it is operated in accordance with its optimum operating policy the latter must be derived subject to relevant chance constraints. When a stochastic dynamic program is used, certain of these constraints can be handled in the same manner as deterministic constraints, whereas others can be applied indirectly by imposing a penalty for failure, the optimum value of which can be found by an iterative search. This search and a precise evaluation of the response of the system may be carried out within the dynamic program by means of minor additions to its basic algorithm. The application of this procedure to four systems demonstrates its power and illustrates the manner in which systems respond to the imposition of constraints on failure.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01099

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper addresses a typical requirement of real time multiple‐reservoir operation. A methodology is evolved utilizing a form of dynamic programing (DP) for the selection of an optimal reservoir storage policy path through a specified number of policy periods, and a linear programing (LP) routine is used for period by period optimization. The policy periods, in case of the real time operation, correspond to the number of time periods for which a streamflow prediction model is reasonably reliable. The method results in relatively easy computer implementation and high flexibility in that changes in constraints are simply made and additional reservoirs easily added. The method is of considerable value for the determination of release policies in real time operation of an existing system. As an example, application is made to a real system of reservoirs and hydroelectric facilities associated with the Shasta and Trinity sub‐systems of the California Central Valley Proj

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01107

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When the probability structure of a time series is known, a number of probability problems related to the series remain to be answered. In the present contribution a method (CRE, event realization counter) for solving such problems is proposed. It consists of approximating the original series with continuous distribution by a suitable series with discrete distribution. For the latter, exact solutions of the problems in consideration can be derived. The validity of the approximation is checked, the algorithms used described, and a few applications of the method shown.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01113

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objectivity in double‐mass analysis is attained by using a completely computerized method of stepwise slope comparisons and variance analysis. The method is adaptable to hydrologic series with multiple inconsistencies. The results suggest important physical causes for inconsistencies in annual precipitation series in mountainous area

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i006p01123

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY