摘要:

The problem of noncommensurable multiobjective functions in water resource systems is discussed. Potential strategies in multiobjective decision theory are summarized. A new method for solving non‐commensurable multiobjective functions, namely, the surrogate worth trade off method, is developed. Procedures for the derivation of the trade off functions and the surrogate worth functions are developed and analyzed. Major characteristics and advantages of the surrogate worth trade off method are summarized. In particular, the trade off and surrogate worth functions are constructed in the functional space, where an interaction with the decision maker takes place, and only then these functions are transformed into the decision space. The Reid and Vemuri multiobjective problem in water resources has been chosen as an example and was successfully solved via the surrogate worth trade off metho

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00615

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study aims at developing a general systems analysis approach, other than straight simulation methods, for handling the complex problem of optimal conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water resources. A two‐dimensional asymmetrical grid network model is chosen to represent the aquifer system. A water resource management problem is considered for a hypothetical region that is composed of several adjoining subregions over a common aquifer basin. It is suggested that the regional water authority regulate optimally the intersubregional aquifer boundary conditions and impose a pumping tax on the local water agencies of the subregions. The pumping tax will provide the revenue for the regional authority to recharge the aquifer basin. The solution is implemented by a completely decentralized decision‐making structure of a two‐level hier

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00625

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For the release management of reservoirs, a rule known as the linear decision rule has been proposed in the literature. According to this rule, a release ofXimade during the periodiis a function of initial storageSi‐1and a decision parameterbifor this period; i.e.,Xi=Si‐1‐bi. If the minimum required pool volume is assumed to be equal toAm·C, whereAmis a fraction between zero and one andCis the optimal capacity of the reservoir, then the quantityC‐Am·Chas been defined as control volume. This paper offers a proof that the control volume is independent ofAmfor given

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00637

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A regional model is developed to consider the trade‐off between economies of scale inherent in waste water treatment plants and added pipe network collection costs. The resulting mixed integer programing model relies on piecewise linear approximations of concave cost curves and incorporates capacity limits dictated by maximum tolerable environmental impact at potential treatment plant sites. Cost savings possible for a region consisting of the central portion of Dane County, Wisconsin, are demonstrate

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00643

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A linear programing model is developed for analyzing the effects of policy, particularly water policy, on the use of water in ammonia production and on the cost of ammonia. Solution of the model for each policy specification gives the least‐cost ammonia production process, the marginal costs of the resource limitations, and the cost of water use and waste water treatment. The effect of systematically decreasing each effluent standard to zero was evaluated, and the effect of increasing the water price on water withdrawals was determined. The following results were obtained: (1) zero discharges of suspended solids, heat, and total dissolved solids increased production costs 3.8% with injection wells; (2) an effluent tax of 3.6¢/lb dissolved solids will reduce dissolved solid discharges 95%, and an effluent tax of 29.5¢/lb dissolved solids will reduce dissolved solid discharges 100%; (3) a water withdrawal price of 3.2¢/103gal. will reduce water withdrawals 95%; and (4) zero discharge of residuals and high water prices increase production costs less than 4%. The modeling was done for a newly designed plant. Both naphtha and natural gas feedstocks were evalu

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00650

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

What laymen think and feel about using renovated waste water appears to depend primarily upon what they know about it and their general educational level rather than upon unconscious fears of contamination or general belief and attitudinal systems concerning nature, technology, aesthetics, authority, progress, or destiny.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00659

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is little evidence to support the widespread belief among many water management officials that public opposition constitutes an important obstacle concerning the adoption of renovated waste water for municipal supply.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00667

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is shown that the Hurst phenomenon is not necessarily an indicator of infinite memory of a process. It can also be caused by nonstationarity in the mean and by random walks with one absorbing barrier, which often arise in natural storage systems. Attention is drawn to the fact that inferences about physical features of a process, based on operational models, can be not only inaccurate but grossly misleading.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00675

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The generation of log normal hydrologic variables should be performed so that the characteristics of the historical record are preserved. It is shown that the common scheme used will preserve the first autocorrelation coefficient but will considerably distort the tails of the correlation structure. A new methodology is presented that preserves the tails of the correlation structure, and a simplification of the method is given for the case when the historical data follow a Markovian structure.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00689

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The generation of processes formed by mixtures of normal and log normal variables is investigated. The transformations required to preserve the statistics of a historical sample are presented. The results are illustrated by an application to a specific model.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR010i004p00691

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY