摘要:

In view of recent trends in Australia and overseas towards an increased reliance on punishment as a primary response to crime, this paper reviews the psychological research evidence on the efficacy of punishment, and considers alternatives to present trends. It discusses the circumstances under which punishment has positive and detrimental effects, and the limited ability of the justice system to deliver punishment in a manner which might achieve the goals of rehabilitation and deterrence against reoffence.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260200

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260201

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reviews the present state of knowledge about the efficacy of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for traumatic memories, and draws on information‐processing theory to identify basic problems with much of the research on this procedure. The general failure of this research to take into account the complexity and hypothesised theoretical underpinnings of EMDR is discussed, and suggestions are made for future research. Although EMDR has shown some promise as an effective intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), well controlled comparative outcome studies are required to establish its efficacy before investigation of its active therapeutic components should be undertake

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260202

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several commentators have proposed that overseas research on the adverse sequelae of parental divorce is not applicable to Australia. Arguments supporting this are critically assessed and rejected. Australian studies show that parental divorce is associated with many problems in adolescence and adulthood: poor academic achievement, low self‐esteem, psychological distress, delinquency, recidivism, substance use, sexual precocity, adult criminal offending, depression, and suicidal behaviour. Less is known about childhood outcomes. There is no scientific justification for disregarding the social and psychological significance of parental divorce, and the importance of support services for children and parents should not be underestimate

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260203

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines some of the origins and trends in the discipline and profession of psychology in Australia, and imbeds discussion of them in a cultural context. Some of the major pressures on the discipline and profession are outlined, discussed, and tied to developments which are relevant to the Australian Psychological Society, and the higher education sector in Australia as a whole. Major issues of concern to psychologists are summarised and related to where the discipline of psychology may be heading in the future. There has been a growth in multidisciplinary perspectives, for example, which challenges the discipline of psychology, having particular implications for analysis of both the content and methodology of psychology as a science.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260204

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reported here are the results of a survey and subsequent follow‐up which document the rapid development in the 1990s of doctoral‐level training in clinical psychology in the United Kingdom and Australia. Over two thirds of institutions providing clinical training in these two countries now offer doctoral degrees, with others planning to follow shortly. Institutions in the United Kingdom have chosen to upgrade clinical training by developing Doctor of Psychology programs, an option which has been followed by a few institutions in Australia. The more common model in Australia, however, has been to establish combined MPsych/PhD programs or clinical PhDs. This paper calls for the development of more Doctor of Psychology programs, and for the profession to move towards three years of postgraduate study culminating in a doctoral degree as the entry requirement for the profession of clinical psychol

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260205

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The performance appraisal (PA) literature focuses predominantly on the characteristics and actions of performance “raters”, ignoring the fact that the success of any performance appraisal system depends largely on employee or appraisee perceptions. This study investigates employee perceptions of performance appraisal, with a focus on the structure and dimensionality of these perceptions. Two hundred and eighty‐seven executives and managers from an Australian government business enterprise were surveyed regarding their attitudes to performance review from their own experience as appraisees in this process. The influence of performance pay, PA objectives, sources of PA, process and feedback, and system fairness on employee perceptions were examined. A large number of items (223) was used and split up on an a priori basis into nine separate issues. Factor analysis on the nine separate issues identified five major dimensions of employee attitudes towards performance appraisal: Outputs of PA, Workgroup, Attitude to PA, Bonuses and PA, and Planning and PA. The dimensions of appraisee perception may provide a valuable framework with which to analyse and design systems of performance appr

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260206

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty‐seven subjects (21 schizophrenia, 13 depressed, and 23 normal) matched for NART Verbal IQ were compared on two fluency tests (the Verbal Fluency Test and the Design Fluency Test) and on the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Both the clinical groups performed significantly below the normals on measures of production on the fluency tests, but not on measures of error. This finding is consistent with the notion proposed by Crowe (1992) that both clinical groups feature compromise in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) bilaterally but not of the orbital prefrontal area. The two clinical groups performed consistently across the tests employed, with the single exception that the schizophrenic subjects tended to produce more perseverative and nonperseverative errors than did the depressed subjects. A comparison of the performance of the subjects across the time‐slices of the fluency tests revealed that the performance on the verbal fluency tests decreased from each time‐slice to the next, while on the design fluency test there was an initial drop in performance from the first to the second time‐slice but a consistent performance from that time on. The finding supports the notion of DLPFC compromise in schizophrenic subjects, and expands these observations to performance on both verbal and nonverbal tests of

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260207

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study investigated women students' experience and perceptions of sexual and gender harassment on a university campus, using an adapted version of the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire. Although only 31.7% of students perceived that they had been sexually harassed, 91.3% reported at least one form of behaviour which could be perceived as sexually harassing: 88.1% from students and 53.2% from academics. Academics mainly engaged in gender harassment. Behaviours which students perceived as sexually harassing were students making unwanted attempts at establishing a sexual relationship, academics and students making sexist remarks about women's behaviour and career options, and students making crude or offensive sexual remarks. Students were more likely to perceive that they had been sexually harassed by academics than by students when sexist remarks about women's behaviour and career options were made, lending partial support to the hypothesis that hierarchical level of relationship influenced students' perceptions of sexual harassment. This finding suggests that academics' opinions about women carry more weight than those of fellow students, so academics should consider them carefully and resist the temptation to indulge in “throwaway lines” or jokes, however harmlessly they may be inten

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260208

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260209

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY