摘要:

This paper argues that Freud has challenged the commonsense idea that, in itself, time heals. He offers us a view of human existence which takes into account the way in which the past enters the present. This view is briefly explored. It is suggested that consulting psychologists require informed diagnostic skills to know when time will heal and when it will not.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257600

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The confusion and misunderstanding of inferential statistics found amongst a class of exiting third‐year psychology students is shown to parallel similar reported misunderstandings amongst the wider psychological community. The history of inferential statistics and of their institutionalisation within psychology is briefly described, and some suggested reasons for these developments are discussed. It is argued, supported by illustrative examples, mat the rhetorical association of statistical inference with scientific method serves to assert and maintain epistemic authority in psycholog

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257601

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The conduct and/or evaluation of forensic hypnosis sessions raises several sensitive ethical issues. We aim to provide a schematic framework in which to consider some of the major issues. The three major issues discussed in detail concern the position adopted about forensic hypnosis, the consequences of involving oneself in forensic hypnosis, and the nature of one's involvement in the legal system. We argue that professionals need to have a clear understanding of these issues before they agree to either conduct or evaluate a forensic hypnosis session.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257602

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the effects of relatively short separations from partners on the distress of female flight attendants during overseas tours of duty. In the study, the distress of separated attendants was compared with the distress of two other subsamples of otherwise demographically equivalent attendants who were either unattached or travelled with their partners. Changes in distress were compared across time phases, which for the experimental sample represented partner accessibility, anticipatory separation, separation, and reunion. The effects on distress of personality, attachment (assessed in terms of remembered aspects of parental care and protection), and marital adjustment were examined. Results provided reasonably strong evidence for the existence of separation distress, which was not related with other variables assessed. The results are discussed in relation to findings from other investigations about separation, anticipatory separation, and reunion distress in adults.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257603

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was an exploratory investigation of key elements in Critical Incident Stress in 25 volunteer members of the Victoria State Emergency Service, a service which responds to road accident rescues in Victoria, amongst other emergency activities. The principal findings were as follows: (a) six factors were found to be most characteristic of Critical Incidents (CIs), and those factors reflected three themes, namely knowing or identifying with the victim or their family; large scale incidents; and suprise or novelty of the event; (b) stress responses often did not occur during the CI, those symptoms which did emerge were predominantly cognitive; (c) after a CI, cognitive and physiological responses were most common; (d) avoidance styles of coping (e.g., “keep active” and “switch off”) were more common during a CI, whereas approach styles of coping (e.g., “discussion” and “debriefing”) were more common afterwards; (e) participants reported having learnt how to cope more effectively following a CI, and some reported having changed their attitudes into a more positive outlook on life, and road safety. The implications of the findings for a cognitive model of Critical Incidents and directions for future researc

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257604

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the validity of the Health Belief Model when applied to adolescents' responses to the threat of AIDS. A sample of 195 sexually active 18‐year‐old university students was questioned about their sexual behaviour, their perceptions of the seriousness of AIDS, their own susceptibility to the disease, the costs and benefits of using condoms, their general health motivation, their sources of information, and their knowledge about AIDS. There were gender differences in health beliefs, with young women perceiving AIDS as more serious than males and perceiving more benefits of condom use. for young men, the Health Belief Model failed to predict sexual risk‐taking either with casual partners or with regular (steady) partners. for young women, the model significantly predicted sexual risk with casual but not regular partners. of the health beliefs, only perceived susceptibility contributed significantly to the variance in these young women's sexual risk with casual partners. In no case was knowledge about AIDS a significant predictor. Gender and partner differences are explained in terms of the multiple determinants of adolescent sexual behaviour, including the differing constructions placed on relationships by young men and

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257605

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report the relationships between health locus of control beliefs and attitudes toward people with AIDS. Respondents were 359 adult Australians (18 years to 75 years of age). Generally, negative attitudes were associated with the view that the respondents' own health status was affected by powerful others (e.g., doctors) and chance factors. Belief in the influence of powerful others, however, only appeared to be a significant factor in the attitudes of women, while internal locus of control was related to positive attitudes for men only. The findings are discussed with reference to the health locus of control concept and traditional sex roles.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257606

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A personal development training course was conducted by the Department of Employment, Education and Training for long‐term unemployed women who were returning to the workforce after a long absence. Subjects were 39 women who had been registered with the Commonwealth Employment Service for 6 months or more and were actively seeking work. Three experimental groups (n= 9, 14, and 9) each received 1 week's training, whilst a control group (n= 7) remained on the register without extra assistance. Precourse measures were taken on five psychological variables (depression, self‐esteem, psychological distress, life satisfaction, and health). These were compared to postcourse measures taken at follow‐up periods of 1 week, 2 months, and 6 months. A significant difference was found between the experimental groups and the control group on depression and self‐esteem scores at 2 months and 2 and 6 months, respectively. It is suggested that personal development training enhances self‐esteem and empowers women to seek further options for employment, education, and

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257607

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to replicate previous findings of positive outcomes, which had emerged from a small group program designed to provide psychosocial and emotional support for those caring for a dependent elderly person. The self‐selected subjects were 57 females and 11 males, with ages ranging from 35 to 84 years. The pretest, posttest, and follow‐up design permitted measurement over an 18‐week period of affect balance, level of strain, and state and trait anxiety scores of the 44 treatment group subjects when compared with the wait‐list control group. The results replicate the gradual improvement for treatment subjects found in the original study. The provision of effective, adequate, and economically viable health care services in an ageing society represents a challenge for researchers and practitioner

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257608

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ninety‐two smokers were recruited for smoking cessation groups and assigned to one of three conditions: (a) nicotine fading plus relapse prevention training, (b) nicotine gum plus relapse prevention training, or (c) a minimal contact control. The number of cigarettes smoked, and daily nicotine intake levels, were assessed at pretreatment and posttreatment, and at 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. Self‐reports of smoking were validated using saliva thiocyanate assay. No significant differences existed at follow‐up between the groups on rate of abstinence. Both experimental conditions had significantly higher proportions of subjects with sustained smoking reduction than the control group, but did not differ from each other in their long‐term effects. Discussion focused on the desirability of controlled smoking as an intervention goal, the impact on achievement of cessation of including controlled smoking as a goal, and the acceptability to smokers of nicotine gum and nicotine fading as trea

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069208257609

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY