ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259572

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper assesses whether a number of the reported1Aboriginal suicide deaths in custody currently being investigated by the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody in Australia constitute a “suicide cluster.” An examination is made of all reported Aboriginal suicide deaths in custody in Australia from 1980 through 1988, with consideration given to geographic and temporal proximity, as well as to similarities in age, sex, method, involvement of alcohol, custodial authority, personal knowledge of other suicide victims, and other circumstantial and cultural factors. Specific attention is given to the nine reported Aboriginal suicide deaths in custody in Queensland in 1986 and 1987. Findings suggest strong support for a cluster interpretation of at least eight of these Queensland deaths, which in themselves constitute 40% of the total number of Aboriginal suicide deaths in police custody in Australia since 1980. It is also argued that suggestion, imitation, and modelling are likely mediators of this cluster effect, but are occurring in a distinctive cultural context, and in response to a nested set of interdependent causal fact

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259573

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In July 1988 the writer attended the First European Summer School of Cognitive Therapy in Lisbon, Portugal. During the two weeks several informal discussions were held with Michael J. Mahoney about developments in therapy, clinical practice, and the training of therapists. on one of the last days of the course it was suggested to Michael that his work as theoretician, therapist and teacher would be of interest to Australian psychologists and, with his consent, a talk over lunch at the Penta Hotel was recorded for the purpose of eventual publication.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259574

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper reports the results of a survey carried out in Western Australia to ascertain how teachers and principals view the work of psychologists (guidance officers) in schools. A representative sample of teachers in primary and secondary schools rated the frequency of a wide range of activities they perceived being carried out by psychologists, how well these activities were carried out, and whether they would like to see more or less of them. Perceptions of the process and quality of service delivery and the qualifications and experience of guidance officers were also sampled. The results indicated that traditional child‐centred activities were still rated by most school staff as occurring more frequently than newer, system‐centred ones. There were significant differences in the perception of the quantity and qualities of services received between teachers and principals and between those with most contact with psychologists versus those with least. Implications of the results for education‐based psychological services are disc

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259575

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A questionnaire was administered to introductory psychology, advanced psychology, and advanced law students to assess their knowledge of eyewitness memory. The data were obtained in a way that allowed a comparison with similar research in the U.S.A. and the U.K. Our findings indicated that a limited knowledge of eyewitness memory exists among the three samples, and that the level of knowledge of the combined sample is similar to that of the international samples. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for the evaluation of eyewitness testimony, and the role that psychologists who are expert in memory research may play in communicating relevant information.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259576

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study has been designed to identify some of the factors that influence people to smoke, as well as the usefulness of these factors in predicting their smoking behaviour and their possible cessation. Specifically, the study focuses on the following research questions: (a) What are the motives that smokers themselves give to account for their smoking behaviour?; (b) are there sex differences in smoking motives?; and (c) how well do these motives account for any observed sex differences in tobacco consumption and the possible cessation of smoking? to identify smoking motives, a Smoking Inventory was developed. A sample of 80 current regular smokers (21 males, 59 females) from the Darwin metropolitan area wrote down as many reasons as they could think of to account for their own smoking behaviour. Content analysis of these responses resulted in 25 reasons for smoking. In order to answer the study's research questions, 128 regular smokers (59 males, 69 females) were surveyed as to their endorsement of the 25 smoking reasons, their daily cigarette consumption rate, their perceived likelihood, difficulty, and confidence in giving up smoking, and the perceived health risks associated with smoking. Factor analysis of the respondents' endorsement of the 25 smoking reasons yielded four distinct motives for smoking—Social Acceptance, Addiction/ Habitual Needs, Pleasure, and Boredom. Multiple regression analysis indicated that, of the four motives Addiction/Habitual Needs and Pleasure were found to be strongly endorsed by the respondents as major reasons for their smoking. The Social Acceptance and Boredom motives were found to be unimportant reasons. Analysis yielded no significant sex difference for any of these motives, indicating that male and female respondents in this study smoke for similar reasons. for both male and female smokers, the best predictor of their consumption rate and perceived difficulty and confidence in giving up was the Addiction motive. In addition, smoking for pleasure was found to be negatively related to smoking cessation, but for male smokers only. The results also suggest that male smokers may find it easier to quit than female smokers if they smoke primarily for social reasons. The implications of these findings to smoking treatment programs are discusse

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259577

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the appropriateness for Filipino students of the Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ; Marsh 1986) and the Shavelson model of self‐concept on which it is based. The Filipino concept of self is first considered. Then the results of an administration of the SDQ to 194 Manila public high‐school students are reported. The item‐total correlations and reliability coefficients obtained were encouraging. Factor analysis generally supported both the specific facets of the SDQ and the existence of an underlying general self‐concept factor. The findings generally were in accord with the validity of both the SDQ and the Shavelson model of self‐concept for Filipino

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259578

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the absence of compelling evidence supporting ESP, it is proposed that attention be directed towards correlates of belief in ESP. Two hundred and nineteen undergraduate students participated fully in an experiment in which attempts were made to send messages in the form of numbers by telepathy. As in a similar experiment reported by Grimmer and White (1986), there was no evidence of ESP, but there were strong preferred responses, especially for the number seven. The present experiment extended the earlier study by showing that believers in ESP were more likely than others to choose that number. The results support the view that believers in ESP are particularly susceptible to influence by stereotypes with mystical connotations.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259579

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Paul Martin (1989), in the March issue of theAustralian Psychologist, published a commendably provocative paper on specialist clinical psychologists and professional training in clinical psychology which should inspire some debate in the professional and academic community. This is a significant concern for that majority of psychologists in this country who are practising professional psychology, for those who are teaching professional training programs, and in the end, for the clients who are at the end of this chain. The issue is much broader in that psychology itself is changing rapidly, both to meet new societal demands and to create and adapt to new philosophies of service provision. Martin raises the very difficult issues of generalist versus specialist training for professional psychologists, and in what way and by whom any identified needs should be accommodated. This has indeed been of concern to the APS in its deliberations about continuing education in the profession. Martin notes changes which have been seen as desirable or which have actually occurred in other countries, particularly the U.K., and offers some suggestions for solutions to the need to adapt to change. However, in reaching the conclusion that “Training in Clinical Psychology is in danger of being left behind” (p. 10) and that post‐masters specialist training programs are required, Martin makes a number of assumptions which are debatable.Assumption 1.Training programs ought to be able to produce “finished products,” that is, graduates ready to go out and practise if only at a generalist level, in a fully competent and well‐trained manner. No training program can hope to achieve this aim. Graduates usually become good practitioners by practising and continuing to learn. In addition they frequently, themselves, opt to explore different approaches from those taught in their masters course once they are out in the “real world.” This is entirely appropriate since it is after a training program and some experience that psychologists can best take advantage of other offerings in a mature and reflective way. Probably the best a training program can hope to achieve is to provide a framework in which a graduate may work initially with a sense of confidence (e.g., psychodynamic, behavioural), and from which he/she can test other waters. It is here that Martin's other concerns also published in this issue become salient. for the model we try to teach is the scientist‐practitioner one, through which we try to ensure, not so much that the graduate will continue to produce publishable research although that is emphatically to be encouraged, but that graduates will continue to critically and evaluatively question assumptions and practices in the profession and insist on a data‐based and empirical justification of treatment methods, diagnostic practices, etc., rather than an unquestioning acceptance of dogma or fashion. That is, it is the scientist practioner frameof mindwhich is important. Current training programs can only be seen as “left behind” if there are unrealistic expectations

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259580

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the light of the recent paper by Paul Martin (1989) on specialist training in clinical psychology, this paper sets out to describe the two‐year post‐clinical master's paid specialist training that has developed in Victo

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068908259581

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY