ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256924

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256925

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper challenges Macmillan's 1985 Presidential Address on the grounds that he fails to differentiate between mutually exclusive theoretical frames of reference. Two major issues are discussed: the need to (a) distil the numerous theoretical frameworks that he combines without justification, and (b) clarify the different reasons why individuals seek psychological help. It is argued that frameworks for psychological theorizing are incomparable and that sound clinical practice and research requires grounding within clearly defined frameworks of operation. Macmillan's Address, however, challenges the professional psychologist to ensure that the public is educated in terms of the differing therapies available.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256926

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256927

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical psychologists work with individuals and deal with intra‐individual matters. It is usual for attention to be given also to clients' immediate social environments. Currently there are those who criticize the neglect of socio‐political contexts affecting the life issues of individuals, particularly the context of patriarchy. It is argued that an awareness of the great importance of socio‐political factors does not preclude individual psychotherapy. Rather, it is recommended that clinical psychologists use a “sliding focus,” attending to their clients as individuals, as members of small groups such as families, and also as members of patriarchal society. This process is illustrated by presenting the case histories of three female psychiatric patients, and the story of one non‐patient, first in close‐focus, second in middle‐distant focus, and third i

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256928

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cumulative studies show the prediction of school achievement from personality and dynamic traits to exceed that from abilities alone and to reach, with abilities, a multiple R of 0.7 to 0.8. A study of intellectual learning in a one‐hour controlled experimentally‐induced aversive situation shows essentially the same personality factors to be involved as in daily life situations, namely Superego (G), Dominance (E)—negatively—and Self‐Sentiment (Q3). These findings support the structured learning theory in showing differences in personality structure to contribute significantly to both real‐life academic achievement and short‐term experimental learning outcomes (albeit under extremely stressfu

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256929

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research on authoritarianism, which has used questionnaire measures, has been plagued by the problems of response biases. Attempts have been made to develop questionnaires which reduce these problems. The present paper describes further analyses of previously reported data, which point to the advantages of assessing authoritarianism from child‐rearing practices. An authoritarianism dimension derived from interviews is outlined. This dimension included patterns of behaviour which were clearly related to authoritarianism (aggression directed outside the family, puritanical attitudes towards sexuality, sex‐role differentiation). Its validity was supported by significant correlations with measures of ethnocentr

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256930

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Questionnaires from 156 people with scleroderma, a serious, progressive, chronic disease, were used to investigate factors in patients' medical histories associated with belief in ability to control relapses, a variable previously found to be related to adjustment to illness. The 80 subjects who perceived themselves as having the ability to control relapses were more likely to have had initial contact with a helpful general practitioner and to have experienced remission of symptoms in the last year. They did not differ significantly from the 76 helpless patients in time since onset of illness, time taken to diagnose the disease, severity of symptoms, handicaps experienced, or having had contact with helpful specialist physicians. Evaluative processes postulated by Taylor (1983) as methods of coping with threatening events were used more frequently by the perceived control group. These involved making causal attributions regarding the illness, construing benefits from the event, focusing on attributes that made them appear advantaged, creating hypothetically worse worlds and finding meaning in their illness.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256931

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper compares the results of outcome studies completed in the U.S.A. and Australia. In both studies, measures of psychiatric symptomatology and social functioning were administered to patients shortly after admission to inpatient treatment and following discharge to the community. Comparison revealed that for both samples there were significant improvements in symptomatology and social functioning between admission and follow‐up. The similarities in the results from the two samples were more pronounced than were the differences. Implications of the results for further outcome studies are discusse

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256932

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study investigated the interrelationship between specific user characteristics and hierarchical menu structures. Four menu structures were used, which varied in breadth from 2 to 64 and depth from one to six (26, 43, 82, 641) Previous research, investigating both speed and accuracy across different menu structures, has shown that deep menus tend to have slow search times and the greatest number of errors (Miller, 1981; Snowberry, Parkinson,&Sisson, 1983). However, the research to date has failed to investigate, in any detailed way, the relationship between specific user characteristics and performance across different menu structures. In the present study, the relationship between digit span, visual scanning, state anxiety and performance across the four menu structures was investigated. The findings supported previous research, in that fewer errors were made and search times were fastest for the broadest menus. In addition, it was found that individuals with low short‐term memory capacity and those with high‐state anxiety required more practice to reduce errors on deep menu structures. It is suggested that adequate consideration of user characteristics in the design of menu displays, through the implementation of help functions or on‐line learning, may greatly improve user performance on menu driven

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068708256933

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY