ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256180

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Because we are social animals, people have norms and value schemes which strongly influence behaviour. Social scientists are firstly people and bring value schemes to their work, A simple model is proposed of three entities — the observed, the observer and the paradigm used by the observer — which involves three value schemes and the relationships among them.Some examples are given from economics and psychology to illustrate how value schemes affect the practice of the social sciences and its results, often deleteriously. It is then argued that it is not possible to practise social science in a value‐free way, that is, amorally. This leads to the conclusion that in educating and re‐educating social scientists some formal exposure to value schemes and their implications for psychological practice is es

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256181

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite widespread acknowledgement that the work of social scientists is contaminated by their own systems of values, little is being done to correct or compensate for this. Recent examples are cited to support this contention and some suggestions are made to arm the practitioner against negligence.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256182

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the stereotypical notion of “the scientist” which serves as a role model in the socialization of psychologists. It is pointed out that the stereotype is intensely masculine, seems only tenuously to be related to the actual personal characteristics of scientists, and even less so to the characteristics of psychologists. The value constellations of domination, mastery and control of nature, and objectivity or personal detachment are identified as central features of the stereotype and are critically discussed. It is concluded that the uncritical promotion of these values is inconsistent with the requirement, for an adequate conceptualization of psychology, to address firmly the question of values and the role of the knower in the process of knowledge production. The work of Habermas (1971, 1983) and Gadamar (1975, 1979) is suggested as having possible relevance for the construction of a more adequate conceptualization of psychol

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256183

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In psychological methods of data collection restrictions set by the investigator quite often diminish the freedom of decision of the subjects: the subjects can only act within the frame of reference provided by the researcher. This paper wants to show the disadvantageous influence such predecisions can have on the results of an inquiry if they do not correspond to the inner representations of the subjects. This is demonstrated empirically for the reliability of data: the results show that the reliability of rating tasks decreases when constructs and the number of points in a rating scale are provided. The lack of a remainder category also tends to diminish the reliability. The results can be interpreted as an argument for person‐centred data collection, which either dispenses with providings laid down by the investigator or includes providings being adjusted to the inner representations of the subject

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256184

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of a number of types of birth and anaesthetics on performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale were examined. The subjects were 106 first‐borns, who were assessed on the 1st, 5th and 28th day of life. A large part of the sample was very stressed on the first day post partum. Poor scores were recorded for most groups on all four subscales of the NBAS on the first day. At 28 days significant differences were recorded between different anaesthetic groups on the Motoric Processes and State Control subscales of the NBAS. Babies who experienced the epidural caesarian type of birth had the lowest scores on both these subscales. The potential of early disorganization in the baby to disrupt the relationship with the mother is discusse

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256185

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research applies the principles of experimental attributional research to the clinical field. The aims of the study were to evaluate a child and family therapy treatment programme using multiple assessment measures, and to examine the relationship between pre‐therapy parental attributions of emotional disturbance and outcome of therapy. Seventy families referred for psychiatric treatment were interviewed before any clinical intervention and were followed up two months after discharge. Standardized checklists and interview data indicated a significant improvement in those families who continued with treatment. While psychological and parental theories of emotional disturbance proved to be remarkably discrepant, results supported the hypotheses in that: (i) mothers were more likely to attribute the child's disturbed behaviour primarily to themselves than were fathers; (ii) the type of attribution given, particularly by the mothers, related to successful outcome; (iii) whatever their primary attribution of disturbance, mothers felt more responsible for their child's behaviour than fathers; and (iv) the degree of self‐held responsibility affected the chances of outcome success. It was suggested that these differences will become more apparent when data on those families who did not continue with treatment are included in the analy

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256186

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review of the research evidence regarding the difficulties of drug education programmes to reduce subsequent drug use is discussed. Important relationships and programme factors are examined in order to develop a drug and alcohol preventative programme based upon a philosophy of drug education. The essential components of programming involve early timing, the early development of attitudes relating to minimal and healthy use of drugs, decision‐making skills and the development of alternatives to drugs. These are discussed within the framework of a pilot programme using a drama‐based approach.A pre‐test‐post‐test experimental and control group design using 63 subjects aged between 11–12 years was followed up 3 years after the programme concluded.The results of the longitudinal follow‐up survey of drug‐use habits support the effectiveness of this programme. Positive results regarding the development of more responsible drug‐use levels, ability to resist peer group pressure and the influence of early learning attitudes relating to legal drug use as affecting the subsequent levels of legal and illegal drug

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256187

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the relationship between different levels of psychologists' fees and expectations of therapeutic outcome. Subjects were presented with a scenario concerning their need to seek therapy, and then asked to choose from four psychologists differing in amount of fee charged per session: no fee, $25, $35 or $45. The influence of real cost on choice was studied by using three groups of subjects differing in amount of health‐fund rebate they could expect: nil, 50% or 100%. The “free” category was most favoured in each group but there was a significant trend towards payment for therapy as the amount of rebate increased. Few subjects, however, chose the highest fee, irrespective of rebate level. The relevance of the data to the issues of fees and rebates was disc

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256188

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports the results of a survey of 261 psychologists registered in the State of Victoria. A mail questionnaire was sent to 400 psychologists listed on the Victorian Psychological Council Register. The response rate was 65.4%. The respondents were asked to provide information concerning the following: their primary place of employment, membership status of the Australian Psychological Society and if they were involved in human service provision, the number of clients they saw in a typical week, the frequency with which they saw different classes of clients and the contexts in which they provided these services. In addition, all respondents were asked to provide details of the time spent in various activities in a typical week, their perceptions of career development opportunities for psychologists in the health system, their satisfaction with present psychological training and their academic qualifications. Frequency tables of these data are presented and the implications for professional issues discussed.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068608256189

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY