摘要:

The most consistent published ideas on the function of the carpal joint of the horse concern the elasticity of the joint, and its limits to extension. Most of these are not well substantiated experimentally. Compression stress appears to be absorbed by the intercarpal ligaments as the carpal bones are separated by a wedge action during loading. Overextension is prevented by occlusion of dorsally located stop facets on the rows of carpal bones, and by the support of a stay apparatus.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35845

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The efficacy of an ivermectin jetting fluid against the sheep body louse,Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis, in long-woolled sheep was investigated in three field trials. In all trials, louse populations in hand-jetted sheep were reduced to non- detectable numbers within 2 weeks of treatment. By comoarison, shorn and unshorn control sheep maintained detectable infestations for the duration of the trials.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35846

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Newborn, colostrum-deprived Large White piglets infected with a human isolate ofYersinia enterocoliticabiotype 4 serotype 0:3 were used as an animal model of yersiniosis. Within 3 hours of birth and before being fed, 14 piglets were inoculated orogastrically with 10 ml of bacterial suspension containing about 3 × 1010colony forming units ofY enterocolitica, followed by 10 ml of 10% NaHCO3solution. A further 14 litter mates acted as controls. The animals were reared on an artificial milk formula and humanely killed at 3 or 5 days after infection.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35847

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Veterinarians commonly predict mature heart scores for yearling and 2-year-old horses to aid clients in assessing a horse's racing potential. Sixty-six thoroughbreds were assessed as a yearlings or 2-year-olds, then re-assessed as a mature horse (over the age of 3). Of these horses, 82% of the yearlings and 87% of the 2-year-olds had a correctly predicted mature heart score within one heart score range (i.e. three points).

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35848

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two vaccines against pneumonic pasteurellosis were evaluated for efficacy in lambs transported by sea from New Zealand to Saudi Arabia. One vaccine contained whole cell antigens ofPasteurella haemolytica A2grown under iron restricted conditions. The other containedPasteurella haemolytica A1cell surface and leucotoxin antigens. There was no clear evidence of either vaccine leading to a lower rnneumonia death or lesion rate than for the control group.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35849

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study was conducted to determine the therapeutic efficacy of 1% doramectin injected subcutaneously at 200 uglkg into cattle harbouring naturally acquired infections of inhibitedOstertagia ostertagilarvae. Sixteen yearling Friesian bulls, grazed without anthelmintic treatment throughout the autumn-winter, were selected on the basis of similar body weights and serum pepsinogen activities. After removal from pasture on day -23 they were weighed and randomly assigned to two treatment groups on the basis of this weight. On day 0, one group was given saline (1 ml/SO kg) while the second was treated with doramectin (200 𝛍g/kg). Both treatments were given by subcutaneous injection. All stock were slaughtered 14–1.5 days after treatment. Moderate to high levels of adult O. ostertagi andTrichostrongylus axeiand early and late 4th larval stages ofO. ostertagiwere recovered from saline-treated calves at necropsy. Doramectin was highly effective in eliminating all stages ofO. ostertagi(99.9%; p<0.0001) andT: axei(100%; p<0.0001). No evidence of lesions were detected at the injection sites at necropsy. These results confirm that doramectin is an extremely effective broad-spectrum avermectin anthelmintic with efficacy against inhibited as well as maturing larval and aduit forms ofO. ostertagi.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35850

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of the novel avermectin, doramectin, against experimental larval and adult infections of three species of nematode parasite important to cattle production in New Zealand. Eighteen worm-free dairy bull beef calves were randomly allocated on live weight to three similar treatment groups. Each calf was given 30 000Ostertagia ostertagi, 20 000Cooperiaspp. and 10 000Trichostrongylus axeiinfective larvae as a single dose. One group was treated with doramectin 6 days after infection while the remaining groups received saline or doramectin 27 days after infection. Given as a single subcutaneous injection behind the ear, doramectin at 200 𝛍g/kg removed 99.9–100% of adult and larval stages of O.ostertagi,Cooperiaspp. andT. axeiwhen compared to infections established in untreated controls (p<0.001). No adverse reactions were observed following treatment in the doramectin-treated animals. No injection site lesions were found by palpation following treatment or by injection site examination at necropsy.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35851

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A red deer herd of 150 mixed-age hinds, 48 stags and 102 weaners was identified as severely copper deficient during an observational study of 15 deer farms in the lower North Island of New Zealand during 1992 and 1993. Severe lameness was observed in nine weaners in 1992 (8.8% prevalence) and 15 in 1993 (12% prevalence). Typical abnormalities included swollen hocks and carpal joints and outward rotation of hind legs with hocks touching. At postmortem examination, there were epiphyseal fractures of the femoral head, severe degenerative arthropathy of the coxo-femoral joints and erosions of cartilage in many other limb joints. Osteochondrosis was confirmed histologically. Concurrently, three adult hinds and one adult stag developed into-ordination typical of enzootic ataxia which was confirmed histologically. Blood and liver copper concentrations in untreated affected weaner deer ranged from undetectable to 16.0 𝛍mol/l (mean 7.6 𝛍mol/l) and 25 to 53 𝛍mol/kg (mean 39 𝛍mol/kg), respectively. Mean blood copper concentrations in unaffected weaners in March 1992 and 1993 were 5.3 𝛍mol/l and 4.4 𝛍mol/l, respectively. The mean blood copper concentration in seven hinds in September 1992, prior to onset of clinical signs of enzootic ataxia, was 1.5 𝛍mol/l (range 1.0–2.4 umol/l). At other times of the year, mean blood copper concentrations ranged up to 12.5 𝛍mol/l in adults and 8.9 𝛍mol/l in weaners before treatment began in 1993. Pasture analyses showed copper contents of 6–11 ppm in 11 samples collected during 1992 and 1993. Sulphur ranged from 0.18 to 0.37%, molybdenum from 0.51 to 3.56 ppm and iron from 130 to 2886 ppm. These measurements supported a diagnosis of secondary copper deficiency. Supplementation with oral oxidised copper wire particles was undertaken from December 1992, resulting in an improvement in blood copper concentrations in some classes of deer. No further clinical abnormalities have been observed.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35852

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The efficacy of selenium dioxide (SeO2) was similar to sodium selenate (Na2SeO4.10H2O), in terms of increasing and maintaining blood Se concentrations. when administered orally twice daily to give 0.64 rng of Se/dav to grazing dairy cows for 56 days.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35853

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests were carried out on a number of horses, including one clinically affected horse whose age and clinical signs suggested that a pituitary adenoma was most unlikely. The results of these tests indicated that, according to criteria published overseas, the majority of these horses had pituitary adenomas. The fact that clinically normal or affected horses may have marked increases in cortisol concentrations indicates that the TRH stimulation test is not suitable for the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. Other tests, including alterations in glucose metabolism and, if available, ACTH measurements, are probably more useful for diagnosis. However, most diagnoses will probably rely upon the characteristic clinical signs.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1995.35854

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor