摘要:

A survey of the lungs from 4284 goats killed at a slaughterhouse in the North Island of New Zealand during the winter of 1990 revealed only ten cases of non-parasitic bronchopneumonia. However, 41% of the lungs had lesions consistent with infection byMuellerius capillaris, 33% withDictyocaulus filaria, and 8% with both species. The prevalence of parasitic lesions increased with age. The carcasses of goats with mild to severeDictyocaulus filarialesions were from 0.81 to 1.52 kg lighter than those without the lesions (p<0.001). The carcasses of goats with more than ten nodular(Muellerius capillaris)lesions were 0.75 kg lighter than those without the lesions (p<0.001).

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35696

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Eleven avian adenoviruses were isolated in monolayer cultures of specific pathogen free chicken kidney cells which were inoculated with suspensions of liver, intestine or bursa obtained from 15 broiler flocks experiencing outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (10 isolates) and from five unaffected flocks (one isolate). Of the 11 isolates obtained, nine were identified by virus neutralisation tests as serotype 8, one as serotype 1 and one as serotype 12. Adeno-associated viruses were only observed in combination with adenoviral particles of the serotype 12 isolate which was derived from a relatively mild outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis. Only the serotype 1 isolate, obtained from the unaffected broiler flock, consistently caused the death of embryos with marked pathological changes. All of the isolates produced basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies surrounded by clear halos in chicken kidney cell cultures. DNA preparations, obtained from six strains of serotype 8 avian adenovirus (two New Zealand isolates, three Australian isolates and the reference strain HVI) after digestion with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and BamHI, gave electrophoretic patterns showing the New Zealand isolates to be similar to one another and to strain HVI, but quite distinct from the Australian isolates.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35697

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Heart rate and behaviour during and following velvet antler removal were monitored in yearling red deer stags to determine the extent to which this procedure was perceived by the deer to be aversive. Nine stags normally kept at pasture were habituated over 5 weeks to the following daily handling procedure. Each deer was fitted with a harness containing a heart rate monitor. It was then allowed to run through a fixed course in a deer yard, restrained for 40 s in a mechanical deer crush, and then confined for 3.5 h with the remainder of the group of stags in an indoor pen containing food and water. In Week 6, the deer were subjected to either restraint for 6 minutes (the control treatment) or removal of one velvet antler under local anaesthesia. Each velvet antler was removed on separate occasions, either on Days 1 and 2 (five deer) or Days 3 and 4 (four deer). The control treatment was applied to all deer when velvet antler was not being removed, and on Day 5. Heart rate and behaviour (time taken to enter the treatment area, and number of struggles made during restraint) were measured before and during treatment, and post-treatment activities were recorded at 0,1 and 3 h (indoors), and at 6 and 9 h (at pasture). Heart rate was higher during the second velvet antler removal treatment than during the first, but lower during the second control treatment than the first (P<0.05). During velvet antler removal, stags struggled more, and after the treatment flicked their ears, shook their heads, and groomed themselves more than control stags (P<0.05). Stags whose velvet antler had been removed spent less time eating than control stags, and spent progressively more time sitting during the 3.5 h of confinement (P<0.05). However, during the paddock observation at 9 h post-treatment, stags which had had their velvet antler removed grazed more than control stags (P<0.05). The increase in heart rate over the two velvet antler removal treatments and the greater amount of struggling during velvet antler removal indicated that it was more aversive than the control treatment. Post-treatment differences in behaviour may have been due to pain following velvet antler removal.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35698

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Decision tree analysis was used to evaluate the economic benefits of leptospirosis vaccination in beef cattle. The analysis used estimated values for the cost of vaccination, the probability of calf losses from leptospirosis and the economic losses resulting from calf mortality to calculate the expected value of vaccination. A computer spreadsheet was used to calculate the expected value of the vaccination programme over a wide range of estimated costs and probabilities and to determine the break-even point at which vaccination becomes economic. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the outcome of the analysis was most dependent on calf value and the probability of calf loss due to leptospirosis. The analysis was relatively insensitive to changes in vaccine cost, vaccine efficacy and herd fertility.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35699

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Because of a perceived increase in the incidence of toxic multinodular goitres in cats in recent years, we investigated the iodine content of three varieties of commercial canned cat foods and studied the acute effects of ingestion of these preparations on urinary iodine excretion and serum free thyroxine levels in young, healthy cats. Ten castrated male cats were fed from a common source. The type of food was changed every 2 weeks. Urine and blood specimens were obtained weekly. Serum free thyroxine levels were determined and iodine concentrations in urine were assayed. The iodine content of the cats' food was also assayed.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35700

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A 2½-year-old wire-haired fox terrier had a 2-month history of inappetance, gagging, retching, regurgitation and vomiting associated with bilateral necrosis of the mandibular salivary glands. Surgical removal of the glands did not greatly improve the demeanor of the dog, or alleviate the regurgitation and vomiting. Euthanasia was recommended because of the failure to respond to supportive therapy. The affected glands were enlarged and showed infarction with peripheral reactive inflammation. Compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the parotid salivary glands were the only other significant pathological findings. No explanation for the vomiting could be found.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35701

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A cat was presented to a veterinary clinic with a severe pleural effusion from which an organism later identified as anActinomycesspp., probablyA. odontolyticus, was isolated along withBacteroides mehnogenicus. It was successfully treated with surgical drainage and a combination of amoxycillin and sulphadiazine/trimethoprim. The fluid was cytologically examined to obtain a provisional diagnosis and to allow treatment to be initiated while the organisms were cultured and identified. The cat is now clinically normal except for slight abdominal respiration, presumably resulting from adhesions following the severe infection.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35702

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Faecal egg count reduction tests were used to identify a strain ofOstertugia circumcinctu/trifurcatacomplex in goats which was resistant to : ivermectin (at 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg orally), oxfendazole (at 5 mg/kg orally), levamisole (at 12 mg/kg orally) and fenbendazole (at 5 mg/kg orally) combined with levamisole (at 9.4 mg/kg orally). The percentage reductions achieved in these faecal egg count reduction tests were respectively 27%, 83%) 82%) 79% and 82%. Moxidectin (at 0.2 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection), fenbendazole (at 10 mg/kg orally) combined with levamisole (at 18.8 mg/kg orally), ivermectin (at 0.4 mg/kg orally) combined with oxfendazole (at 10 mg/kg orally) and ivermectin (at 0.4 mg/kg orally) combined with levamisole (at 12 mg/kg orally) were effective in removing these nematodes in goats as determined by faecal egg count reduction tests. These drenches achieved reductions of 100%, 100%, 98% and 100% respectively.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35703

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twelve veterinarians were asked to estimate the percentage of lung surface that appeared consolidated in eleven projected colour transparencies of pneumonic ovine lungs. The estimates were compared to the pneumonic area measured by image analysis. Although all observers had some experience in veterinary pathology there was considerable variation between individuals in the accuracy of their estimates. Large lesions were underestimated and small lesions overestimated by most observers.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35704

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A traditional elephant training method was chosen to be modified by the use of xylazine as a sedative and muscle relaxant.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1992.35705

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor