摘要:

Six 1-year-old farmed red deer were used to compare physiological and behavioural responses to a range of doses of 5% xylazine with or without the addition of 0.4 mg of fentanyl citrate and 3.2 mg of azaperone per ml. Each deer was randomly assigned to one of six treatments: xylazine alone at 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg, the xylazine/fentanyl citrate/azaperone combination containing 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg of xylazine, or a sterile water control. Injections were given intramuscularly in the anterior neck, operator blind, on each of 6 sampling days between October and January, such that each deer received all treatments with 9–28 days between each treatment. Measurements included heart rate and respiration rate. A 0–3 scoring system (normal to nil response, respectively) was devised to record sedative responses (body stance, head position, degree of eye closure, palpebral reflex, resistance to movement of the head, response to noise) and analgesic responses to touch and pinching of the ear, and response to a needle prick in the gluteal region. Scores were added to produce a sedation score and analgesia score, respectively, for each treatment. Records were taken immediately prior to injection and thereafter at 5, 14, 25, 35, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 300 minutes.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35941

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Three studies were undertaken on farmed red andred x wapiti deer to evaluate xylazine and a xylazine/fentanyl citrate/azaperone combination for velvet antler removal. In the first experiment, 30 1–2 year-old red and 25% red x wapiti deer whose velvet was to be removed were given either 5% xylazine alone at 0.5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly or the same dose rate of a commercially available mixture of 5% xylazine with the addition of 0.4 mg of fentanyl citrate and 3.2 mg of azaperone per ml. Physiological, behavioural and analgesic responses and reversal times after yohimbine or yohimb'lne and naloxone were monitored. There were no differences in heart rate, respiration rate, sedative or analgesic properties detected between xylazine or the xylazine/fentanyl citratelazaperone combination. All deer became recumbent, but those given the xylazine/fentanyl citrateiazaperone combination became recumbent more rapidly than those given xylazine alone (9.4 and 12.5 minutes, respectively, p<0.05). The arousal pattern and timing of reversal of xylazine and xylazine/fentanyl citrate/azaperone using yohimbine and yohimbine and naloxone, respectively, were similar.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35942

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Electra-ejaculation is used in rams to collect semen for fertility and bacteriological evaluation. Concern has been expressed about animal welfare implications of EE. Two experiments were carried out to compare the aversiveness of electro-ejaculation, part shearing and free movement, and to determine the changes in plasma cortisol concentration produced by electro-ejaculation, shearing and lateral restraint. In the aversion test, transit time was greater (p<0.003) for rams subjected to part shearing than free movement. There were no major differences in the transit time between the rams subjected to electro-ejaculation and those subjected to part shearing or free movement. In addition, there was no significant difference in the “effort” required to move rams from the three treatment groups into or through the experimental route. These results suggest that electro-ejaculation is no more aversive than part shearing. There were no significant differences in the cortisol response of the rams subjected to electro-ejaculation, shearing or lateral restraint, indicating that there were no significant differences in the distress caused by the three procedures.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35943

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The ability to synchronise onset of oestrus, and hence the time of breeding and calving, offers potential economic and management benefits to dairy farmers, especially in herds with seasonally concentrated calving patterns. A trial involving 2681 cows in 11 seasonal herds was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows following oestrus synchronisation with a combination of progesterone, oestradiol and prostaglandin. Cows were randomly assigned within herds to synchronised and control groups, balanced for age, date of calving, body condition and breed. Cows in the synchronised group were treated with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device containing 1.9 g of progesterone and a gelatin capsule containing 10 mg of oestradiol benzoate 10 days prior to the planned start of the breeding season (Day 0). The device was removed 8 days later on Day-2 and a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2𝛂 was administered 2 days prior to removal of the progesterone-releasing device. Returns to service for cows in the synchronised group were synchronised by inserting a previously used intravaginal device during Days 16–21 after the start of the breeding season. Cows in the control group were left untreated. The percentage of cows being inseminated during the first 5 days was 89.0% for the synchronised group compared to 29.7% for the control group. Compared to cows in the control group, those in the synchronised group had a lower conception rate to the first insemination (52.9% v. 64.3%, p<0.00l), a lower conception rate to the second insemination (51.8% v. 62.5%, p<0.001), a higher percentage of empty cows at the end of the breeding season (7.3% v. 5.1%, p<0.05), and more insemination services per pregnancy to artificial insemination (2.0 v. 1.6, p<0.001 ). There was no difference between the synchronised and control groups in the percentage of cows pregnant to artificial insemination (81.8% v. 85.5%, p>0.10). The mean day of conception from the start of the breeding season was advanced (p<0.01) by 1.3 days in synchronised cows (19.9± 0.7 days; mean ± SEM) compared to control cows (21.2 ± 0.5 days). It is concluded that the oestrus synchronisation regime used in the present study caused a reduction in fertility, which reduced the potential gains from using such a programme to increase reproductive efficiency in dairy cows.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35944

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Localised tetanus was diagnosed in two cats 14 and 21 days after ovariohysterectomy by a left flank surgical approach. The diagnosis in each case was based on their history, clinical signs and diagnostic investigations which excluded other possible diagnoses. Both cats showed scoliosis of the lumbar spine and left hind limb spasticity. One cat's clinical signs were exacerbated after the administration of corticosteroids. One cat was treated with oral amoxycillin and diazepam, and the second cat received penicillin, tetanus antitoxin, methocarbamol and diazepam. Both cats improved after treatment but recovery was prolonged and the spasticity did not resolve until 12 weeks after diagnosis in one cat. The second cat was lost to follow up after 8 weeks.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35945

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Anecdotal reports suggest that abortion occurs in New Zealand cattle after ingestion of macrocarpa (Cupressus macrocarpa). The clinical signs observed are similar to those seen in abortions caused by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosaLaws). Isocupressic acid has been identified as an abortifacient component of the needles of ponderosa pine. Macrocarpa collected from the Palmerston North area contained 0.89% and 1.24% isocupressic acid, compared to 1.70% isocupressic acid in Ponderosa pine needles from Oregon in the United States as analysed by the USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory. These findings support observations that macrocarpa causes abortion in late gestation cattle in New Zealand and suggest the causal agent is probably isocupressic acid.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35946

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The efficacy of a drench containing praziquantel in combination with levamisole was evaluated in four trials performed in the 1990–91 and 1992–93 seasons in the Waikato Region of New Zealand. The trials involved 93 naturally infected lambs and compared the efficacy of a 3.75 mg/kg praziquantel – 7.5mg/kg levamisole drench againstMoniezia expansa, with albendazole, an albendazole-levamisole combination and oxyclozanide-levamisole combination in controlled trials. There was no significant reduction in the number ofMoniezia expansnscoleces or proglottids in the control, albendazole and albendazole-levamisole groups. Oxyclozanide gave a high clearance of proglottids, but a 28% reduction of scoleces. The praziquantel-levamisole combination demonstrated complete removal of segments in all trials, and of scoleces in two trials. One scolex was found in each of the two other trials. The combination was also tested for efficacy against nematode parasites. Total worm counts indicated that levamisole in the praziquantel-levamisole combination drench retained its efficacy.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35947

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Examination of 25 cases of multiple benzimidazole and levamisole resistance, identified in sheep by faecal egg count reduction testing at the Batchelar, Lincoln and Invennay Animal Health Laboratories, showed that benzimidazole-levamisole combinations provided effective control in eight (47%) of 17 cases in which they were tested. Overall, the use of combination drenches resulted in average improvements in faecal egg count reductions of 25.6% (p<0.01) and 23.2% (p<0.05), respectively, over those achieved by the use of benzimidazole or levamisole drenches alone. The results suggest that instances of multiple resistance in which combination drenches might be effective are unlikely to be predictable either by identification of the parasites involved, or from the levels of benzimidazole or levamisole resistance present.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35948

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35950

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35951

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor