摘要:

Passing an electric current (50 Hz, 400 V open circuit, current limited to 1.5 A) from two electrodes acting as a common single electrode set applied on each side of the dorsal surface of the neck (cervical vertebrae C2 to C5 region) to another placed on the brisket of young bulls causes fibrillation of the cardiac muscle, does not induce epileptiform changes in the electroencephalogram, and produces a state of body rigidity.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35677

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Antibiotic resistance was investigated inEscherichia coliisolated from beef, veal, lamb and pork at retail level. A total of 100 samples from each meat species was examined. About 16% of the 400 samples were contaminated with resistantE.coli. Significantly moreE.coliisolates from pork were drug-resistant than isolates from other meats(P<0.01). About 7% of the combined beef, veal, and lambE.coliisolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics compared to about 40.0% of the pork isolates (P<0.01) Transfer of resistance was observed for 39.2% of multiple resistant isolates. The results presented form a base for future monitoring of the presence of antibiotic-resistant coliforms on meat suitable for human consumption.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35678

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Protozoa1 abortion in cattle was retrospectively studied by examining material submitted to the Batchelar Animal Health Laboratory in the years 1987–90. Only cases in which foetal brain had been submitted were examined. Histologically, protozoa1 lesions were seen in the brains of 28% of 320 aborted foetuses. Lesions were also seen in 10% of the hearts and 34% of the placentas examined, but these were not as characteristic as those in the brains. Protozoa, confirmed immunohistochemically as beingNeospora caninum-like in two brains, were seen in 5% of aborted foetuses with lesions. No protozoa or associated lesions were seen in 57 late term foetuses or neonatal controls. A farm survey supported the hypothesis thatNeosporais an important cause of multiple abortions in cattle. Laboratory and farm data suggested that protozoal abortion was more common in early gestation. No predisposing causes of abortion were found and there was no evidence of point infection of affected herds.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35679

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Lambs at 4–5 weeks of age were studied during the first 4 hours after castration and/or tailing using three methods in various commonly used combinations. The methods were cutting with a knife, application of constricting rubber rings and using a heated docking iron (tailing only). The integrated cortisol response (area under the cortisol curve) was determined for each lamb during the first 4 hours after treatment and was considered to reflect the overall magnitude of the lamb's acute distress response. On that basis, cut lambs (tailing only, castration only, castration plus tailing) experienced more distress than any other groups. Also the distress response (indicated by elevated plasma cortisol concentrations) lasted longer than 4 hours in cut lambs, unlike all other groups. The use of rings apparently caused similar distress when lambs were castrated only, were castrated plus tailed, or were short-scrotumed (testes pressed against the abdominal wall by a distally located scrotal ring) plus tailed. The magnitudes of distress apparently caused by tailing alone with a ring or a docking iron were similar and were lower than the distress caused by any other castration and/or tailing procedure. It is concluded that acute distress responses to these husbandry procedures would be minimised in lambs of this age if rings and/or a docking iron were used in preference to a knife.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35680

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in a 10-year-old female Labrador which showed signs of weight loss, lethargy and skeletal pain. Radiography revealed well circumscribed osteolytic lesions in vertebrae, sternebrae, and the left humerus and radius along with generalised osteoporosis. The number of plasma cells in the bone marrow was increased and the serum gamma globulin concentration was elevated. Treatment with cyclophosphamide, mephalan and prednisone successfully controlled the malignancy but also resulted in suppression of the bone marrow. There was a remission time of 21.5 months.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35681

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Six Friesian calves from a pedigree herd died or were killed within 1 week of birth because of progressive central nervous disease in which the only consistent lesion was cerebral oedema. The cause was citrullinaemia, resulting from an autosomally inherited dysfunction of the urea cycle enzyme arginosuccinate synthetase. Citrullinaemia was diagnosed by demonstrating markedly elevated concentrations of citrulline in the blood of one calf and in the cerebral spinal fluid of another. One of two sires used in the herd was a heterozygous carrier of the disease. Heter-ozygocity was demonstrated using a polymerase chain reaction/restriction endonuclease test designed to detect the genetic mutation that causes citrullinaemia in cattle.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35682

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Changes in the plasma concentrations of cortisol were recorded in 5–6 weeks-old lambs during the first 480 minutes after surgical castration and tailing in order to define the full post-treatment cortisol response and to determine whether or not the handling associated with repeated blood sampling delayed the return of cortisol concentrations to pretreatment values. Four groups of six or seven lambs were studied: One group was bled regularly throughout the 480 minutes of the study, and in the other three post-treatment blood sampling began at 90, 240 or 480 minutes. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased after treatment and returned to or approached pretreatment values by 480 minutes. No significant differences in mean cortisol concentrations were observed between the groups at any stage. It is concluded that the acute distress response of these lambs to surgical castration and tailing lasted about 8 hours and that repeated handling for blood sampling did not contribute significantly to this distress.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35683

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Throughout the world, several hepatogenous photosensitisation diseases of ruminants are characterised by the presence of birefringent crystals in and about the bile ducts. These include photosensitisations caused byTribulus terrestris(1) (geeldikkop of sheep in South Africa),Nurthecium ossifrugum(2).(alveld of lambs in Norway),Agave lecheguilla(3)(4),Brachiaria decumbens(5) and severalPanicumspecies such asP miliaceum(6),P. coloratum(7),P. schinzii(8)(9), andP. dichotomiflorum(10).

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35684

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) assays are now commonly used as an alternative to blood selenium concentrations in assessing the selenium status of production animals. This can be justified on the grounds the GSH-px is a selenium-containing enzyme and that its activity is highly correlated with blood selenium concentration. Furthermore, GSH-px assays can be adapted to most automated biochemical analysers currently being used in diagnostic laboratories and are not subject to the problems of sample contamination that commonly interfere with estimations of trace elements

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35685

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although resistance to anthelmintics by nematode parasites of sheep and goats is common in many parts of the world including New Zealand(1)(2), in cattle it has been detected only infrequently. So far, there have been only five such cases documented worldwide with two of these being recorded in New Zealand (Table I).

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1991.35686

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor