摘要:

Pelts from lambs submitted to an abattoir were obtained at monthly intervals from December to August. One half of each freshly flayed pelt was examined for cockle, lice (Bovicolu ovis) and dermatophilosis, and the observations compared with defects attributable to cockle and dermatophilosis in the corresponding pickled half-pelts. Formalin-fixed samples from pelts identified as having cockle were examined microscopically. Cockle was not detected macroscopically in flayed half-pelts despite being obvious in 4% of the pelts after pickling. Lice were detected in 17% of the flayed half-pelts. Dermatophilosis occurred in 12% of flayed half-pelts, presenting most commonly as small lesions in the dorsal midline regions of the lambs. However, only 4% of pickled half-pelts showed defects attributable to dermatophilosis. In other groups of lambs, cockle was detectedin vivoby examining the skin over the upper shoulder region after close shearing of the wool. This method of detection showed sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100%. The results of this work provide a basis for the monitoring of dermatophilosis and cockle in live lambs.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35952

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hummels are antlerless red deer stags. This abnormality has been attributed to poor feeding conditions which result in failure by the deer to grow complete pedicles. Incomplete pedicles lack the potential to develop normal antlers. The histological examinations in this study showed that the rudimentary pedicles (5 mm and 15 mm in height) grown by the two hummels respectively were developed by intramembranous ossification. This is the way that the frontal lateral crests of normal deer are formed, while, in contrast, antlers grow by endochondral ossification. The transition between the ossification types is most important, and occurs during pedicle growth. Therefore, we suggest that the antlerless condition of hummels is due to their failure to initiate true pedicle growth (which has the potential to develop into an antler) because the change from one ossification type to another does not occur. In view of the fact that both hummels were very small in terms of weight (33.7 kg and 51.8 kg, respectively) for their age, it is possible that nutritional cues are necessary for complete pedicle formation. Presumably these cues act synergistically with androgens for the development of the pedicle/antler as a secondary sexual character. It is possible that nutrition controls pedicle initiation through the IGF1 pathway.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35953

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In New Zealand the fungusPithomyces charturumnormally produces sporidesmin, a mycotoxin, which is responsible for the hepatogenous photosensitisation disease known as facial eczema. Cultures from an isolate ofP. charturum, which does not produce sporidesmin, were examined by cell culture and by dosing to lambs to determine whether other toxic metabolites were produced. Acute and long term toxicity studies were conducted with the toxic response being assessed by weight changes, postmortem and histological examination of tissues, blood biochemistry and haematology tests.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35954

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sheep naturally infested with the biting louse,Bovicola oviswere treated with a range of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid dip formulations. The sheep were killed 42 days after treatment and the pelts examined for evidence of cockle, a nodular condition that appears in some sheep as a response to the presence of lice. Sheep treated to saturation with dip formulations produced more high quality pelts than did sheep treated with low volume, pour-on or spray-on dips. These differences are suspected to arise because louse populations decline more slowly after treatment with pour-ons or spray-ons than with saturation dips. The removal of lice and regression of cockle resulted in a high percentage of first grade pickled pelts. However, processing through to the dyed crust leather stage highlighted lesions in the same pelts that were not apparent at the pickle stage and lead to a substantial increase in the number of downgraded pelts.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35955

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Aggression in 108 dog breeds and six crosses was ranked by 185 members of the Companion Animal Society of the New Zealand Veterinary Association. The Rottweiler and German Shepherd were categorised as extremely aggressive and the Akita, Basengi, Chihuahua (long-coated and short-coated), Chow Chow, Cocker Spaniel, Shar pei and Welsh Corgi (Cardigan and Pembroke) were classified as very aggressive. A chi-squared test of data from the twenty most popular breeds showed that significant differences were perceived between the breeds. Cocker Spaniels, Pembroke Welsh Corgis, German Shepherds and Rottweilers were more aggressive than Staffordshire Bull Terriers, Border Collies and Doberman Pinchers, which were more aggressive than Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Bichon Frise, English Springer Spaniels, German Shorthaired Pointers, Weimaraners, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Newfoundlands, Dalmatians, Boxers, Bulldogs, Bull Mastiffs and Rough Collies.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35956

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed on a Manawatu beef cattle farm, with inflammation of 85% of eyes in a group of 150 6-month-old-calves. Comeal inflammation was recorded in 23% of eyes. All active lesions healed over a 3-week period following whole group subconjunctival penicillin injection.Moraxella boviswas cultured from two of seven conjunctival swabs at the time of treatment and from four of six conjunctival swabs 9 days after treatment. Concurrently, “pink-eye” was noted in older cattle, with inflammation in 50% of eyes. For practical handling reasons, these older cattle were not treated. Despite nontreatment, their clinical signs regressed over a 3-week period. The rationale of whole group treatment for the control of infectious bovine keratpconjunctivitis is discussed.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35957

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two commercial formulations of cephalexin were administered intramuscularly to five heifers and five bulls in a balanced crossover design. Statistically significant and clinically important differences were detected between the two formulations of cephalexin. These results suggest that 24 h dose intervals would be appropriate with only one of the formulations and that the recommended dose rates for each product may need to be reviewed.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35958

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The objective of this study was to determine if serum glutathione peroxidase activity reflects short-term changes in the selenium status of goats. Angora goat kids (n=14) were fed pelleted luceme containing 20 µg/kg of selenium, and treated orally with either selenium (0.1 mg/kg of liveweight weekly, as sodium selenate) or de-ionised water. Serum activity of glutathione peroxidase was increased in response to supplementation and differed from that of controls within 24 hours of supplementation. The change in serum glutathione peroxidase activity during the 21 days after the start of weekly supplementation closely followed changes in serum selenium concentration. The results of this study suggest that serum glutathione peroxidase activity reflects the short-term improvement in the selenium status of Angora goat kids following oral supplementation with sodium selenate.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35959

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for specific anti-Neosporaantibodies in bovine sera and foetal fluids were compared with histological examination results on aborted foetal material. The agreement between serological and histological examination results was poor, while the two serological tests showed a high degree of agreement. Serological testing of diagnostic serum samples and foetal fluids suggests that the prevalence of anti-Neosporaantibodies in cattle which recently aborted is around 40%, in line with previous estimates of the number of abortions in dairy cattle caused byNeosporasp. A sero-epidemiological approach to the diagnosis ofNeosporaabortions in cattle may be suggested from these data.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35960

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Previous trials of an experimentalTuenia ovisvaccine using the recombinant antigen GST-45W(B/X) established that it was possible to achieve >90% protection against a single artificial challenge ofT. oviseggs. This trial was undertaken to assess vaccine efficacy against artificial challenge and natural infection acquired by lambs grazing contaminated pasture. Two hundred Romney lambs were vaccinated at 6 and 12 weeks of age. One hundred control lambs were not vaccinated but were allowed to run with the vaccinated mob. At 15 weeks of age, 10 controls and 18 vaccinated lambs were artificially challenged with 2000T. oviseggs. The remaining control and vaccinated lambs were allowed to graze contaminated pasture for 3 weeks and were then moved to clean pasture for 5 months. The artificially challenged lambs plus 24 of the field-infected lambs were slaughtered and the carcasses dissected to obtain cyst counts. The remaining field-infected lambs were slaughtered at a commercial processing plant and the carcasses examined by conventional meat inspection.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35961

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor