摘要:

This essay briefly discusses the primary themes that have characterized the historical studies done on blacks in American sport and is an attempt to consider the especial difficulties that academicians would probably face when writing on this subject. Past historical studies done on American sport have either excluded the black athlete, simply been a chronicling of black sport heroes, portrayed sport as being one of the most democratic institutions in America, or accurately analyzed the discrimination that black athletes have continally had to face. Those historians who wish to write on this topic should remember to show the relationship that invariably exists between black athletes and American society, must be aware that black athletes are not necessarily a homogenous group, cannot afford to engage in hyperbole about the accomplishments of black athletes, should be willing to confront ethical questions, and have to be cognizant of the humor characteristic of black culture. The people who are needed to write about the experiences of the black athlete in American sport are those with the proper academic training, those who are sincerely interested in seeking the truth, and those genuinely enthusiastic about the subject. The experiences of the black athlete deserves attention by the most accomplished scholars—whether black or white.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1980.10483714

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The women's colleges in eastern America from their inception required calisthenics and later gymnastics as part of the curriculum. The teachers for these programs came from the schools of Dio Lewis, Dudley Sargent, and Amy Morris Homans. The Eastern Legacy is the early history of physical education for women filled with remarkable people, both women and men. Their philosophy was reflected in the type of programs established at each institution. By the early 1900s, the Eastern Legacy passed to other sections of the country as graduates of the professional schools in Boston left the area. Furthermore, professional curriculums were being established in other institutions, and consequently, new philosophies and programs emerged. From Mary Lyon to Amy Morris Homans, change and progress took place. Programs developed from calisthenics to the new gymnastics of Dio Lewis to the Sargent system and Swedish gymnastics to sports and games. Facilities expanded from small halls to magnificent gymnasiums and even dress changed from full bulky outfits to more scanty, freeflowing costumes. The groundwork had been established and over the years, many changes occurred in physical education. The leaders who followed built on the foundation of programs established at the early women's colleges and the early professional schools.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1980.10483715

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor