摘要:

The school reform movement is under way. Like previous reform movements, this one has competing constituencies and goals. There is, however, growing consensus among powerful constituencies about the roles of schools in an emergent national agenda. This agenda emphasizes economic and social improvement via school reform. It also prioritizes the relationship among schools, familes, family agencies, and health organizations; it invites changes in schools and their relationships with home environments and cornmunitybased, family, and health agencies. Schools, in varying degrees, are being“reinvented.”The question is not whether physical education will be impacted, but how. After all, reinvented schools imply reinvented subjects and subject-matter relationships, including the relationship between physical education and health education. There are attendant implications for the preparation of teachers and teacher educators. These and other implications invite proactive planning and decision making.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1993.10484089

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The educational community has, in recent times, abandoned a quantitative approach to research on teaching, characterized by process-product research, for a focus on naturalistic inquiry and the use of qualitative research methods. Major changes in research directions are accompanied in time by an integration process, that is, attempts to assimilate new knowledge with an already existing knowledge base. Attempts to integrate process-product research on teaching with more recent work have been impeded by major assumptions in research paradigms that have made the two directions seeming antagonists in the pursuit of knowledge. This paper explores the potential of integrating the results of earlier research on teaching with recent work stemming from both naturalistic inquiry and theoretical work in cognitive science. Major directions and issues are examined for their compatibility and ability to contribute to a broader perspective of the teaching/leaming process and teacher education.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1993.10484090

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Education Reform Act (ERA) 1988 represents the most significant piece of legislation to have entered the education system in postwar Britain. Although all its“effects”have yet to materialize, this paper argues that aspects of ERA legislation will have a very damaging impact upon both the level and quality of PE provision in some state schools. The tone of this paper is necessarily speculative; but the analysis, based on the authors' ongoing research in primary and secondary schools, will suggest that ERA may exacerbate social and educational divisions within the education system and make it very difficult for some teachers to provide a quality“PE for all.”

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1993.10484091

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Viewed in the light of benchmarks for professional quality, the generally weak commitment to teaching clearly becomes the main problem with current physical education. The ideological legacy of the profession—the two conventional ideas of“physical education as training of the physical”and“physical education as education through the physical”—is a main cause of confusion as well as the source for the growing lack of public support for physical education as an integral school subject. This paper looks at the theory of the self-reproducing failing of physical education as an hypothesis to explain this continuing plummet of physical education. Prospects for change are dependent on (a) creating conceptual clarity and cohesiveness among physical education teacher educators, (b) recruiting carefully, (c) maintaining“learning to reflect”as the leitmotiv of the teacher education program, and (d) developing an agreement of concepts among student teaching supervisors.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1993.10484092

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This dialogue assumes that Socrates has reappeared in the 20th century (through a wrinkle in time) and is actively engaged in a discussion with two Greek graduate students in physical education. The coach, Kallinikos (whose name means“glorious victor”in Greek), sheds light on the views on our society toward sport and the importance of winning. Cassandra (named for a prophet in the Trojan War whose prophecies were ignored) is a physical education teacher who aids Socrates in his quest for understanding how the field of“gymnastics”has changed in the past 2,400 years. Within the dialogue, discussion centers around the similarities and differences between coaching as a profession and teaching physical education. Some of the issues encountered include a definition of physical education, the domains involved in coaching and teaching, outcomes of teaching and coaching, the value of sport in society, activity as a form of expression, and a definition of the physically educated student.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1993.10484093

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Martial arts have become increasingly popular in the West, where they are practiced for self-defense, mental discipline, harmony of body and mind, physical fitness, and sport. It is estimated that 2–10 million Americans actively train. The literature pertaining to traditional martial arts training indicates that black belts do not conform to the violent, aggressive stereotypes portrayed in popular martial arts movies. Moreover, martial arts principles, philosophy, and techniques have been successfully applied in a clinical setting to improve the physical well-being of the physically challenged and to modify the attitudes, emotions, and behavior of troubled adults and teenagers. Mental imagery shows promise as a psychological intervention strategy to enhance Karate performance of beginning students. The techniques of Karate are well grounded in physics, and the velocities and tremendous forces and energies generated by skilled practitioners have been quantitated. Studies have also examined the health-related and skill-related fitness of martial artists.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1993.10484094

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this discussion is to compare the following three domains in kinesiology with regard to essential competencies for professionals: (a) the biophysical sciences focused on exercise and sport, (b) the behavioral/ sociocultural sciences focused on sport, and (c) the pedagogical sciences focused on school physical education. The major goal is to compare the relative emphases placed on technical and critical/reflective competencies (which are both important for maximizing professional excellence) in each of the three domains. Although these domains vary considerably with regard to emphases on the two competencies, the major focus in each remains on the technical. If a blend of both competencies is crucial for professional excellence, then increased attention on critical/reflective knowledge and skills is needed in all three domains.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1993.10484095

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Three forces that are reshaping society in this country—the economy, the availability of information and technology, and changes in ethnic demography—are creating major changes in higher education. Federal funding, which has been the major provider of research and training projects, is undergoing reductions and changes in priorities. State funding has shrunk to very low percentages of the overall universities' budgets. A consequence is the“privatization”of universities: the development of university–business partnerships, the scramble for endowments and foundation support, and the sale of university names and icons for large donations. Two other forces changing higher education are the rise of multiculturalism and the aging of the faculty. In order to survive and actualize our visions in the 21st century, kinesiologists and physical educators must use an understanding of the roots and impact of societal change as a compass for charting the future.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1993.10484096

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor