ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483785

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

After outlining an interpretive or hermeneutic concept of human social life in which sociocultural phenomena are considered to be constituted in large part by mutually influential relationships between shared understandings and social interaction, the suggestion is made that the interpretive research paradigm may frequently be more appropriate than the natural science paradigm for the study of such phenomena. Therefore, physical educators who investigate activities such as education and sports, clearly major features of human social life, are urged to study these activities more holistically, guided by the interpretive cultural research model. Although this paradigm seems more appropriate in many instances for the conduct of social research, criticisms or points of contention nevertheless touch this investigative tradition. Two of the most important of these are discussed: problems concerning generalization and cultural relativism in social research, and problems related to seeking truth through interpretive cultural research. An increased interest in interpretive cultural research by physical educators would likely expand even further the scholarly diversity that already exists among us; this could enhance the breadth of thinking that might contribute to future examinations and critiques of the research methodologies useful to our field of study.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483786

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Drawing on the concept of commitment, this paper focuses on several varieties of primary sport roles and their concomitant identities. Specifically, commitment to a sport role is attributed to the social support factors, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, and satisfactions. A typology of sport roles is presented utilizing a three-dimensional model of commitment to help explain one's identity within each of the sport roles. Additionally, the commitment model might be generalized to develop a greater understanding of other sport roles.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483787

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A clarification of the nature of play is examined here in light of professional purposes. An evolutionary and biosocial analysis of play behavior is advanced and associated with contemporary cultural views of play. A tentative biosocial model of play is developed that helps to frame the problems around which human play behaviors can be valued. Implications of how a culture can positively satisfy human play needs is briefly discussed in light of professional play service goals.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483788

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Leisure–defined as a state of mind characterized by feelings of freedom, pleasure, and growth–is employed as a vehicle for examining changing women's roles in feminist fiction. Such fiction suggests that many women experience a dearth of leisure in the traditional roles of wife, homemaker, and mother. Women who assume these roles more often view their lives as dominated by antileisure, that is, by activity undertaken compulsively, as a means to an end, and from a perception of necessity. In the novels chosen for consideration, a pattern emerges. The sequence of getting married, making a home, and having children means an increasing abridgement of leisure for women, while this same sequence results in an increasing realization of leisure for men. The recurring theme in this literature is that women, like men, have compelling leisure needs which may take them beyond the bounds of homemaking and child-rearing.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483789

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Drawing upon five recent studies, this essay provides a summary analysis of the assessment of academic quality of doctoral programs in physical education. Specifically, the analysis focuses on 12 rankings of doctoral programs and examines them in terms of three methodological issues: subjective versus objective measures, measures of quantity versus measures of quality, and single versus multiple measures. In conclusion, two composite rankings of the academic quality of doctoral programs are given, and recommendations are made for future quality assessment studies in physical education.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483790

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Spectrum of Styles developed by Musska Mosston is one of the most, if notthemost, widespread conceptualizations of teaching in physical education today. The publication of his newest work might serve to further increase the Spectrum's use in our teacher education programs and teaching practices. This essay examines what the Spectrum has provided as a set of paradigms for teaching and analyzes some of its limitations. The central thesis of this paper is that many of the concepts, implications, and assumptions set forth in the Spectrum have never been validated as appropriate instructional approaches. Second, the concept of teaching“styles”with a teacher-centered focus is contested, alternatively favoring an instructional decision making process that stems directlv from the immediate needs of the learners. The final section suggests reconceptualizing the several styles of the Spectrum as micro strategies with a limited scope in order to better the expectations for meeting stated instructional goals.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483791

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Research on the self-fulfilling prophecy has recently begun to emerge as an important consideration for researchers interested in unraveling the complexities of teaching in physical education and sport. The idea that teacher expectations may have a profound effect on social and psychological phenomena occurring in the physical activity setting has led researchers to attempt to identify some specific causal connections among teacher expectations, social interactions, and student performance. This paper will describe a model from which causal determinations can be made in teacher expectancy research. The proposed model suggests three steps for the researcher to follow in determining causality: a) determine descriptively the causes of expectation formation and how those expectations relate to teacher-student interactions and student growth; b) develop an experimental paradigm where one group of teachers receives inservice information from the results of the first step while another group serves as a control receiving no inservice training; and c) determine whether causal connections exist and verify whether past descriptive and correlational research findings are similar to those found in the experimental phase. Therefore, the proposed model serves two distinct purposes: to provide a way of establishing causal connections in expectation research, and to illustrate how research findings can be utilized in helping teachers identify effective instructional strategies.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483792

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Competition is a very different proposition from one person to another. Debates surrounding the effects of competition on culture and on the individual often lack specific reference; such debates are necessarily problematic. A literature review of definitions of competition revealed great diversity among writers. A model for the conception of competition was offered as a possible solution to some of the confusion and differences surrounding the nature of competition. When examined metaphorically, the constituents of competition take on increased significance. Positive and negative analogies of definitions serve to reaffirm or reconstruct one's understanding of the construct. Congruent articulations between the theoretical framework, the antecedent belief structures, and workable definitions of competition provide the basis of the Model for the Conception of Competition.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483793

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Preparing prospective physical educators is a challenging task. The development of a“human service educator”may be the key to the direction of professional preparation. Teacher education must be seen as a process of becoming, of personal discovery. This self-awareness leads to growth, change, and full functioning. In achieving this growth, four guidelines may be valuable: increased autonomy; more adequate assumptions about reality, possibility, and value; improved competencies; and increased awareness and openness to experience. Prospective physical educators must be put in the position to achieve success, feel competent, and be aware of their potential.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1983.10483794

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor