ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1992.10484047

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Dorothy Hams's writings have consistently reflected a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of an integrated sport science perspective for understanding females' participation and performance in the physical domain. Her advocacy for a 7ldquo;somatopsychic”approach included a consideration of the sociological, psychological, biological, and physical factors that interact to influence patterns of involvement and performance potential. Although a complete integration of subdisciplines within the sport sciences would be a formidable task, the purpose of this article is to first review selected research findings pertaining to females' sport socialization, psychological development, and biological and cognitive maturation. Then, a heuristic model is proposed as an initial attempt to represent an interactional approach to understanding females' sport participation and as a framework for future research.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1992.10484048

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article explores research examining girls' and women's self-confidence in sport and physical activity. The article begins by addressing how self-confidence has been conceptualized and how researchers have measured it. A theoretical groundwork is presented by comparing three models that link confidence to achievement: Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, Harter's competence motivation theory, and Eccles (Parsons) et al.'s expectancy-value model. Next, research examining variables that have been hypothesized to influence female self-confidence, as well as a discussion of gender differences, is presented. Finally, enhancement strategies and future research directions are offered. It is suggested that researchers examine the impact of specific socializing influences when studying girls' and women's self-confidence and also that they undertake more model testing instead of examining variables in isolation.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1992.10484049

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article addresses research issues relevant to studying the moral dimensions of women's and girls' physical activity experience. Morality and gender are introduced as social constructs, and a critical analysis of how scholars have conceived of these constructs is presented. A brief historical account of psychologists' theoretical and empirical study of gender and morality in the United States includes selected academic milestones that have influenced research on females in physical activity. This chronology provides a backdrop for a theoretical analysis of how psychologists conceive of the still-evolving constructs of gender and morality. The analysis is framed by a typology developed along social and cognitive axes; illustrations of research in physical activity contexts are provided where possible. The final section offers reflections on four major issues that are of particular importance to future investigations involving the moral aspects of women's and girls' physical activity experience.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1992.10484050

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article discusses various approaches that have been used to explain coaching as a male-dominated occupation. Individual approaches look at the interests, qualifications, and choices of women to explain their absence in male-dominated jobs. Structural approaches assume that gender-differentiated work behavior is more a function of location in organizational hierarchy than of gender. In the third approach, social relations, gender is seen as a verb in that women and men collectively struggle over the power to give meaning to social facts, including the meaning of coaching. This approach shows how structures, jobs, activities in those jobs, workers, and places of work are gendered through the meanings we assign to them. The ways those meanings may be altered if and when the number of women in coaching begins to increase are described.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1992.10484051

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article reviews literature that discusses parallels between women of color in society and sport. Although special emphasis is placed on African American women's social, historical, and sport traditions, information on other ethnic groups' socioeconomic status and participation in sport is included. The discussion focuses on the absence or silence of diverse ethnic women within the mainstream of society, sport, and scholarship and summarizes literature that highlights intersections of gender, race, and socioeconomic class. Research completed on women of color in sport is reviewed using Douglas's analysis of the levels of research. A call is made for more scholarship on women of color from diverse ethnic backgrounds and different social realities in order to have more inclusive womanist/feminist scholarship and race-relations theory.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1992.10484052

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this article is to discuss, from a feminist perspective, the interconnected nature of homophobia and sexism in women's sport. After a brief description of the early 20th-century origins of the lesbian stereotype and the political function of homophobia in a sexist and heterosexist culture, manifestations of homophobia in women's sport are discussed: silence, denial, apology, promotion of a heterosexy image, attacks on lesbians, and preference for male coaches. The underlying beliefs that support homophobia in women's sport are described, and several strategies for confronting homophobia in women's sport are suggested.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1992.10484053

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A series of recent speeches, articles, and books have outlined a radical perspective on physical education derived from critical theory, feminism, and postmodernism. This radical discourse has been particularly critical of what it describes as positivistic approaches to research and technocratic views of teaching and curriculum. This article outlines our concerns with this literature, including (a) polemical presentations and vitriolic language, (b) zero-sum arguments that polarize, (c) cartooning, (d) a lack of evidence to defend assertions, and (e) assumptions that it alone occupies high moral ground. We acknowledge that the radical literature has not only brought moral issues to the ongoing forum among physical educators but has also had a direct, positive influence on our work. Areas where we might engage in a collegial discourse include the nature of the subject matter called physical education, the basis underlying a moral perspective on professional work, and the nature of teaching skill development.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1992.10484054

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor