摘要:

RÉSUMÉ**:Dans le cadre communal français, des biens collectifs locaux sont offerts simultanement par les municipalités et par les associations. Toutefois, l'offre publique ne signifie pas toujours la production publique. Les municipalités peuvent ainsi déléguer la gestion de services collectifs locaux à des entreprises privées ou à des associations. La plupart du temps, les communes se contenteront de subventionner laproduction associative.Aprés avoir précisé la distinction entre fourniture et production de biens, et le cadre légal et administratif particulier dans lequel s'inscrit la fourniture publique communale des biens et services collectifs locaux, nous soulignons les causes et les formes dupartenariat entre secteur public communal et associations, et les catégories d'actions associatives répondant aux attentes de

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1996.tb01408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT**:The workers' cooperative sector has been hampered by underinvestment and degeneration. To solve both problems, ‘NOVARRS’ are proposed, which are a new kind of tradable share. They: are NOn‐voting; receive a specified fraction of Value‐Added Residual (=sales – all non‐labour costs); are Renewable after a specified period – the cooperative must buy back at face value if a new fraction (VARF) cannot be agreed; and carry a right to a Share of net assets on liquidation, and to information and ‘voice’ at general meetings. The renewal feature allows markets to reset the VARF. Reinvestment is by part‐paying workers with adjustable face value NOVARRS. ‘VOWVARRS’ (NOVARRS with VOtes whose Weights are agreed at issue and renewal) are proposed as a transitional mechanism and to fund capital intensive firms with highly speci

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1996.tb01409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT**:The use of performance indicators for the evaluation and comparison of efficiency in service provision in the public and related sectors of the economy is continuously developing. While they often represent a step forward, to the extent that they focus attention on the objectives of the organization in question, it is frequently suspected that they fail to take into account non‐controllable environmental factors. To do so requires multivariate techniques of analysis. This paper compares the results of three such methods with the raw performance indicators. It confirms the importance of non‐controllable factors but also shows that different multivariate methods give results which do not always agree. Understanding the properties of different approaches is essential in drawing conclusions about performa

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1996.tb01410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT*:Members' transaction costs decrease as a consequence of cooperative principles and cooperative values. The members' cooperative values reduce their uncertainty in relation to each other and in their relationship to the business environment. Thus, there are two categories of values: social values and sovereignty values. The cooperative principles are characteristics of the cooperative organization that aim to reduce transaction costs in the members' relationships with the cooperative. Thus we find two types of principles: business principles and society principles. Business principles state how relationships between the cooperative enterprise and the members should be designed. Society principles reduce transaction costs for members in their interactions.

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1996.tb01411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1996.tb01412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A case study is presented of the promotion by the Catholic Church of agricultural service cooperatives, called peasant shops, in a rural Honduran municipality. The purpose of this paper is then to identify factors which determine their success. Three external factors were identified: the justification for the organizations being provided by a local social agent; access to training and on‐going follow‐up; and access to commercial transactions with economies of scale. The following main internal factors were: the participation of local leaders in positions of trust within the organization of the social agent; high member contributions, with a view to securing high member responsibility; and high interest rates on member contributions to attract high member contributi

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1996.tb01413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1996.tb01414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY