摘要:

AbstractFour triterpene saponins have been isolated, separated and purified from the roots of black medick trefoil. These have been identified as soyasaponin 1, hederagenin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, medicagenic acid 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3,28‐di(O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside). The biological significance of the presence of th

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis work was based on a comparison between rats and chickens with different bacteriological status and fed rapeseed meal diets (DARMOR 00,39·0 % and 32·8%, respectively).Results obtained with conventional vs axenic animals show that the rat intestinal microflora is responsible for the dramatic growth depression and for the slight hypertrophy of glucosinolate target organs (thyroid, liver, kidneys). Only a strong goitrogenic effect is seen with young conventional birds.Chimera animal models (axenic animals inoculated with the whole faecal flora of another animal species) prove that the nature of the recipient host (rat) does not influence the expression of chicken intestinal microjlora in our experimental conditions. The rat whole faecal flora does not interfere with chicken growth rate, and thyroid hypertrophy is very moderate compared with conventional birds.Finally, of the two molecules responsible for the goitrogenicity, one is destroyed by the feed irradiation required for axenic experiment

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnzymic saccharification of wheat straw in the absence of any pretreatment was only about 20 %. Acid hydrolysis did not improve the overall cellulose enzymic breakdown, nor did pretreatment by flash autohydrolysis under pressure or sodium chlorite delignification. When wheat straw was treated with N‐methyl‐morpholine‐N‐oxide (MMNO) at J20°C for 20–30 min, this treatment and subsequent enzymic hydrolysis produced carbohydrate conversion of 73%. Similar results could be obtained by treating straw with 0·1Msodium hydroxide. When MMNO treatment was combined with any other pretreatment, the saccharification yield was greatly enhanced. Nearly quantitative conversion was obtained by swelling straw in 0·1 M sodium hydroxide followed by MMNO treatment. The results show that lignin content of plant material does not represent the limiting factor to enzymic sacc

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe changes in nutrient content of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), taro (Colocasia esculenta), yam (Dioscorea alata) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) as a result of boiling, steaming and baking were determined. These changes were similar for all root crops (except in the case of sweet potato) and may be explained largely in terms of breakdown of nutrients with heat and in solubilisation of water‐soluble constituents. Major changes observed were (1) an approximate doubling of the apparent dietary fibre content due to formation on cooking of starch which was resistant to degradation by the enzymes used in the starch assay procedure; (2) a decrease in the content of potassium by up to one‐fifth and smaller decreases of other water‐soluble salts; (3) a very large increase in the maltose content of sweet potato on cooking, which did not occur with the other root crops.In terms of human nutrition dry baking, generally speaking, appears to be the best method of cooking, followed by steaming, then boiling with retention of water and, finally, boiling with discarding of the water. However, in the particular cases of cassava and the edible aroids, which include taro, antinutritional factors may need to be removed by special cooking me

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVolatile aroma constituents of pepino fruit (Solanum muricatum) were separated by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE). They were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Major components in the volatiles were 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐ol, 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol, 3‐methyl 2‐buten‐1‐yl acetate, 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐yl acetate, butyl acetate and (Z)‐6‐non‐1‐ol. In addition to the above, 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐yl 3‐methylbutanoate, 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐yl 3‐methylbutanoate, 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐yl 3‐methyl‐2‐butenoate and 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐yl 3‐methyl‐2‐butenoate have been identified as minor components. The last three compounds were previously unknown as natural produ

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProtein quality of precooked dehydrated mutton mince, as evaluated by single determinations of NPU, has been found to remain unchanged compared with fresh mutton even after storing for six months under ambient conditions.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix protein sources, casein, field peas, peanut meal, wheat flour, rapeseed and soya bean concentrate and their blends (ratio 1:1) were subjected toin vitroenzymic digestion. Wheat flour had the lowestin vitrodigestibility (30% in 6 h) while the other sources had similar digestibilities (40%). Basic and aromatic amino acids were the most readily liberated from these protein sources. Some protein combinations, such as a rapeseed/field pea blend, gavein vitrodigestibilities higher than calculated from individual proteins. The type of response observed could not be predicted from either nitrogen digestibility or amino acid composition of the individual sources. The digestibility of some amino acids was modified and this could be due to varying affinity of digestive enzymes for the protein.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe amino acid compositions of flours made from the cotyledons and from the whole seeds of a disease‐resistant, stable and high‐yielding cultivar of chickpea (Cicer arietinumL) cv H75–35, known locally as Gaurav, have been analysed. These, together with similar analyses of the albumin, globulin, legumin and vicilin protein fractions, have been compared with those of other legumes. Seed protein content was 19·8 % with globulin constituting 62·4 % of the total seed protein. The ratios of albumin to globulin and legumin to vicilin were 1:4 and 6:1, respectively. The proportion of basic amino acids in the albumin was low whereas the reverse was true in the globulin. The legumin fraction seems to be superior in terms of total essential amino acids to those from other sources. Sulphur amino acids were the most limiting, followed by tryptophan or threonine depending on the fraction. However, the ratio of methionine to cystine was high (2·76:1).The extent of the sulphur amino acid deficiency was assessed, and possible approaches for its improvement are

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740430401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY