摘要:

AbstractAt relatively high concentrations (1 mM), ferulic, vanillic, p‐coumaric, p‐hydroxybenzoic, syringic and caffeic acids inhibited the growth of roots ofPisum sativumL cultured in a Hoagland nutrient solution under axenic conditions. These phenolic acids also profoundly affected root morphology in terms of extension growth of the main root and the number and size of the lateral roots. The precise growth effects depended on the phenolic acid. At concentrations that inhibited an increase in the length of the main root, the phenolic acids also inhibited cell division. To produce the maximum growth effect, the phenolic acids must be present continuously. Lower concentrations (1 μM)of the phenolic acids also affected root growth and morphology when the nitrogen content of the nutrient solution was limi

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighty broiler guineafowls (Numida meleagris) and 80 broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were raised from 1 day old to 12 weeks on the same starter and finisher diets. Weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, cost of production, nutritive quality and mortality were compared between the two types of bird. It was found that the broiler chickens consumed nearly twice as much feed, gained more than twice as much weight and had significantly (P<0.01)better feed efficiency than the guineafowl. It cost significantly (P<0.01)less to produce a kilogram of flesh from the broiler chickens than from the guineafowls. However, the guineafowl carcass excelled in nutritive quality. It had significantly (P<0.05)more protein and ash, particularly calcium and phosphorus. The fat content of the guineafowl carcass was significantly (P<0.05)less than that of the chickens. Mortality was less for the guineafowl than for the chickens.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe performance of opium poppy (Papaver somniferumLinn) cultivars grown at four locations spread over the entire opium poppy growing belt of India was evaluated in terms of three main economic characteristics, namely seed, oil and latex yields. Distinct environmental and varietal effects on these traits were observed. The cultivars were also evaluated in terms of their adaptability and stability under different agroclimatic conditions. The seed yield showed positive and significant correlation with oil and latex yields, indicating that seed yield alone may be taken as a reliable index in breeding high oil‐and latex‐yielding variet

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn two experiments, commercial laying pullets and hens were fed diets containing either low or high concentrations of beta‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN), the toxin present in some legume seeds in the genusLathyrus. BA PN was fed as mono‐beta‐aminopropionitrile fumarate. The main effects of feeding BAPN to laying birds appear to be on shell formation, egg weight and egg production. Heavier eggs, abnormal in shape and shell texture, were frequently obtained when BAPN was included in the diet. Effects on both egg weight and egg malformation were observed with or without a reduction in egg production.The toxic level of BA PN fumarate in the diet of laying birds appears to lie between 0.1 and 0.2 g kg−1. Considering BAPN content in seeds of differentLathyrusspecies and the level of active constituent of BAPN fumarate which had adverse effects, it was found thatLathyrusseeds which contain BAPN as a toxic constituent have margins of safety and could be utilised to constitute a proportion of the layer diets without any deleterious

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeasonal variations in the gel‐forming ability and chemical composition of the muscle of lizardfish (Saurida elongataTemminck et Schlegel) in the Seto Inland Sea were examined in relation to maturation and spawning of the fish. During the spawning period (June‐July) the gel‐forming ability decreased sharply with the marked decrease of myofibrillar protein content and the increase of myosin‐degrading (Modori) activity around 60°C as well as around 50°C. After spawning, however, in spite of a rapid recovery of the myofibrillar protein content, the gel‐forming potential remained at a very low level until September because of a high level of the myosin degrading activity. The Modori phenomenon observed at 50°C was distinguished from that occurring usually at 60°C according to SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of degraded myo

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPartial least squares calibration is used to relate in‐vivo metabolisable energy for ruminants to N I R spectral data. The accuracy of predictions is compared with metabolisable energy estimated by rumen digestible organic matter in vitro. The measurement accuracy is in favour of the biological method. This is probably due to the lack of specificity of the N I R technique, ie chemical compounds that are different to rumen bacteria appear to the NIR spectrometer to be similar. This means that although a high precision is obtained the prediction accuracy is lessened as a result of low spectral selectivity. If sampling error and speed of analysis also are considered, the advantage of N I R spectroscopy becomes apparen

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of incremental amounts of nitrogen fertiliser in the range 0–200 kg ha−1on yield ha−1, tuber dry matter (DM), DM ha−1and flouriness were evaluated in five potato cultivars over three seasons. In general, yield increased with the use of up to 100–150 kg N ha−1and remained constant thereafter; % DM of tubers was significantly diminished by amounts of nitrogen>150 kg ha−1. In a single poor growing season, yields were small and both yield and% DM were less affected by nitrogen. The mean flouriness score of cooked tubers was highly correlated with specific gravity (SG) class (r = 0.94); tubers with SG>1.08 were scored floury to very floury. Moderate nitrogen fertiliser use (⩽ 100 kg ha−1) had little effect on weight per cent of crop>SG 1.08; large amounts of N (200 kg ha−1) resulted in a substantial decline in the size of this fraction; the effects of intermediate amounts varied with

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe response of maize to four rates of nitrogen (N) fertiliser (0, 60, 120 and 240 kg N ha−1) on an ultisol in south‐eastern Nigeria was evaluated under two tillage and two mulch treatments. Differences in plant height, leaf area index and grain yield between the conventionally tilled and zero‐tillage treatments were not significant at Ptilled‐unmulched (22.4) where the figures in parentheses represent nitrogen use efficiency (kg kg−1).For each tillage treatment maximum soil temperature was higher and moisture retained at 2 and 10 days after saturation lower on the unmulched than mulched plots. Percentage moisture loss between these days was 45.5, 83.3, 25.0 and 55.6 respectively, on the tilled‐mulched, tilled‐unmulched, untilled‐mulched and untilled‐unmulched plots. The untilled‐mulched plots had the highest conten

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractApplication of acetaldehyde (AA) vapour (1500–6000 μl litre−1) for 4 h, or at a constant concentration of 5000 μl litre−1for durations of 1 to 4 h, caused changes in the appearance and sensory quality of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch). Some of these treatments induced rapid production of the volatiles ethanol, ethyl acetate, and ethyl butyrate as found in the strawberry juice. Application of 5000 μl litre−1AA for only 1 h or of 1500 μl litre−1AA for 4 h induced volatiles in modest amounts, which increased fruit aroma and improved taste as determined by a taste panel. A longer duration (3–4 h) of AA application of 3000–6000 μl litre−1caused off‐flavours in the berries. Acetaldehyde treatments for 4 h reduced decay development during storage for 4 days at 5°C

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix high‐yielding varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L) were taken and subjected to 6 and 8% degree of milling. The raw rice and the parboiled rice were analysed microbiologically for thiamin and riboflavin contents. Milled parboiled rice contained more thiamin and riboflavin that milled raw rice at both the levels of milling because parboiling of paddy results in inward diffusion of water‐soluble vitamins to the endosperm. The thiamin content of brown rice is reduced after parboiling. The loss may be due to the partial decomposition of thiamin during the stages of parboiling, but the riboflavin content of brown rice is found to be increased after parboil

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740520311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY