摘要:

AbstractThe effects of macronutrients on nutrient absorption and distribution in cashew have been investigated in sand culture. The absorption and distribution of nutrients were appreciably affected by macronutrients. The type of the relationship between any two of the nutrients in most cases depended on the plant part considered and the ratio of the concentrations of such nutrients in the nutrient solution. Contrary to the generally accepted views of cation antagonisms, it was found that the relationships among cations were synergistic under certain conditions. In general, it seems that low to moderate doses of any of the macronutrients may be beneficial to cashew in masking the deficiency of one or more of the other nutrients.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhosphoenolpyruvate, which is the substrate for the enzyme for the enzyme pyruvate kinase, is also hydrolysed by a phosphatase when the former enzyme is assayed in unpurified extracts from plant tissues. The activity of this phosphatase has been examined in extracts of cucumber leaves from plants receiving a wide range of N, P, K and Mg treatments. When assayed in the presence of added MgSO4, the phosphatase activity was highly correlated with the P content in the leaves and was not affected by the variation in the N, K or Mg content in the leaves. While the pyruvate kinase activity in extracts of cucumber leaves can be used to indicate the K or Mg status of the plants, the associated phosphatase activity gives an indication of the P status. These enzyme assays which can be completed within 2 h, could offer a rapid means of assessment of the K, Mg and P status of cucumber plants.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe in‐vitro digestibility of the organic matter of unground barley straw was increased by approximately 14 units by treatment with aqueous ammonia for 1 week at 20°C. Longer treatment times of 4 and 13 weeks had little or no additional effect on digestibility. Treatment with sodium hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide increased digestibility by up to 22 units. The content of cell walls of the straw after treatment with any of the alkalis was lower than that of untreated straw and the degradability of the walls from alkali‐treated straw was more than 85% greater than that of the walls from untreated straw. Alkali treatment of straw caused loss ofp‐coumaric, ferulic and diferulic acids from the cell walls, the loss being greater with the stronger alkalis. The loss of ferulic was greater than that ofp‐couma

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparison of two milk replacer diets, using Ayrshire bull calves, was undertaken. Calves were offered either a diet based on skim milk, fat and whey (diet CM) or one (diet DMC 10) in which 20% skim milk was replaced by equal quantities of dried microbial cells (DMC) and whey. The inclusion of DMC resulted in a reduction in energy digestibility but had little effect on the digestibility of nitrogen. The metabolisable energy (ME) value for diet DMC 10 was significantly lower than that for diet CM. Calves offered diet DMC 10 consumed more feed and grew faster than calves on diet CM. The gross efficiency of conversion of nutrients for growth was unaffected by treatment and the composition of the liveweight gains was similar on both diets. The efficiencies of tissue accretion were higher for the calves given diet DMC 10, particularly in relation to the efficiency of use of nitrogen for tissue gain.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRye grass was fed to sheep and the fatty acid composition of the rye grass lipids and of the faecal lipids was determined. The outstanding features were (a) the occurrence of 10.7 % of branched‐chainisoandanteisoacids ranging from C13 to C31 (inclusive) in the fatty acids of the faeces but of only 0.1% of these constituents (17:0anteiso) in the acids of the rye grass; (b) the presence in the faecal fatty acids of 23.9% of components above C18, of which 22.2% weren‐saturated and 0.5% were branched, but of only 7.2% of these higher molecular weight acids in the rye grass.n‐Fatty acids from C12 to C34 (predominantly C14‐C18) occurred in both the diet and the faeces. Whereas the rye grass fatty acids were mainly unsaturated (74.6%) and included 56.5% of linolenic acid, the faecal acids contained a preponderance of saturated components (80.2%) and only 1.2% of linolenic acid. The fatty acids above C18 from the dietary and faecal lipids were identified as follows: (a) C19 to C34n‐saturated acids (predominantly even‐numbered) in both the rye grass and the faeces; (b) C19 to C27n‐unsaturated acids in the rye grass; (c) C19 to C34 (except C33)n‐unsaturated acids in the faeces; (d) C19 to C31isoandanteisoconstituents in the faecal fatty acids, but absent from the rye grass acids. The presence of bothisoandanteisoodd‐numbered acids (C13 to C31) and ofisoeven‐numbered acids (C14 to C30) in the faeces, suggested that these branched constituents were of microbial origin in the digestive

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe lipid classes, fatty acids and sterols of the mesocarp, seed and pollen lipids of five species ofRaphiapalms endemic to Nigeria were analysed. Apart from quantitative differences in the fatty acid compositions, chromatographic analyses demonstrated very little change in the patterns of the characteristic lipids associated with either the mesocarps, seed endosperms or pollens. Mesocarp lipids contained mainly triglycerides, while palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the major acids. Contrary to published data for seed lipids,Raphiaseed endosperms contained a relatively small amount of triglycerides and a high proportion of polar lipids. Fatty acids associated with this tissue were not only highly unsaturated, but were significantly different from typical fatty acids of seed lipids.Raphiapollens, on the other hand, showed a complex array of lipid types. Triglycerides, sterols and sterol esters constituted the main neutral lipids while phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and galactosyl diglycerides represented the polar fraction. Apart from minor trends, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids constituted the major fatty acids in all species. The biological importance of the steroidal sapogenins found in all organs is discussed.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAspergillus flavusLink ex Fr., was used to evaluate the Relative Nutritive Value (RNV) in a set of triticale cultivars having shrivelled grain characteristics. The protein content in these samples ranged from 11.8 to 24.0%. The milled material was tested at 3 mg nitrogen level. Biomass of the fungus was measured as the total dry weight of the mycelium produced after 72 h of shaking and taken as the index of Relative Nutritive Value. The fungal biomass was negatively correlated with protein content and dye binding capacity while a positive correlation existed with protein index. With the use of glucose as an extra energy source, the basic pattern of response remained the same but the magnitude of correlation decreased.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn five separate experiments, three high‐lysine (HL) barley lines were compared with the HL mutant Risø 1508 and the normal variety Maris Mink (MM), for their lysine content, protein quality and metabolisable energy (ME). The HL barley lines were selected from crosses between Risø 1508 and Julia or Lofa Abed. Lysine content (g/16 g N) as measured by four different procedures was found to be from 11 to 28% higher in the HL barleys compared to MM. True nitrogen and lysine digestibility were only slightly reduced (6 and 4%, respectively) in the HL barleys when they were fed as the sole N source in purified diets for rats in an N‐balance trial. A subsequent 17% improvement in protein retention efficiency (PRE) was noted in the rat trials when the HL barleys provided the N source rather than MM. Further supplementation with lysine did not improve PRE values for the HL barleys though a significant response was noted with MM samples. Although the gross energy content of all the barleys was similar, the ME values of the HL barleys were some 8‐15% lower than the corresponding values for MM. The reasons for this and the potential economic value of these HL barleys are di

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVicine contents of seed coats and cotyledons of 58 cultivars of broad beans are reported. Seed coats contained up to 0.07% and cotyledons between 0.23 and 0.61 % a vicine. Non‐protein nitrogenous compounds in broad beans were analysed by thin‐layer chromatography. Five compounds other than vicine were isolated from broad bean extracts. These are, in order of increasing RFvalue, FLG, B1, D1, B2and D2. The possibility of existence of these compounds in different cultivars was investigated. Their ultra‐violet absorption spectra in three different pH conditions are rep

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAutolytic breakdown of the RNA ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaecan be induced by subjecting a suspension of yeast in NaCl solution at pH 6 to heat shock, produced by bringing the suspension to 50°C and then adding enough water at 100°C to increase the temperature momentarily to 68°C, followed after 1 min by the addition of cold water to reduce it to 50°C. During continued incubation of the suspension (60 g yeast solids and 0.5 mol NaCl/litre) at 50°C, the rate of degradation of yeast RNA is as rapid as when autolysis is triggered by treatment of the yeast with organic solvents, or by drying and rehydration. The procedure is compared with an efficient chemical method for reduction of RNA content, by which SCP can be produced with a protein/nucleic acid ratio of over 100. This is based on heating a suspension of yeast in 0.5 M‐NaCl at pH 1.4 to 70°C for a period of 2 h. This technique can be applied to yeast from which low‐molecular weight constituents have first been removed by extraction with water at 70‐100°C, with a considerable reduction in nuisance d

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740290211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY