摘要:

AbstractThe chemical composition and cyanide concentration in the foliage of four cassava cultivars (M Col 113, M Col 22, M Col 1684, CM 342–170) were evaluated at four plant ages (6, 8, 10 and 12 months). The effect on cyanide elimination of sun‐drying on a concrete floor and of oven‐drying at 60°C was also studied, including some observations on the tannin content of dried foliage. The proximal composition, calcium and phosphorus contents, as well as the amino acid composition of dried cassava foliage compared favourably to that of sun‐cured lucerne meal. In most cases, foliage from 6‐to 12‐month‐old plants contained 25 to 30% dry matter, and as dried foliage had 13 to 20% crude protein and 16 to 20% crude fibre. Crude protein and crude fibre were the two chemical constituents which varied the most with plant age. The average gross energy of dried cassava foliage was 4.12 kcal kg−1with a range of 3.90 to 4.35 kcal kg−1. Sun‐drying eliminated more cyanide than oven‐drying (82 to 94% vs 68 to 76%, respectively) and in addition, most of the cyanide in sun‐dried foliage was free cyanide (62 to 77%) whereas only 24 to 36% was found as such in oven‐dried foliage. Sun‐dried foliage samples had consistently lower tannin content than the corr

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360602

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe legume,Cicer soongaricumgrows wild in high altitude regions of the Himalayas. The seeds are nutritionally rich, containing 19.1% protein, 44.5% starch, 7.2% oil and 3.4% minerals. Glutelin has been found to be the major protein fraction (43.7%) whereas albumin, globulin and prolamin are 11.5, 14.3 and 6.6%, respectively. The oil contains 29.8% phospholipids, wherein palmitic (30.0%), stearic (32.4%) and linolenic acids (13.6%) are the major fatty acids. The phospholipid fraction has an appreciable content of phosphatidyl choline (1.0% in the seed) which is higher than in soya bean, presently the commercial source of its manufacture.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360603

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMycelial discs of the fungusAspergillus ochraceusNRRL 3174 were exposed to gamma irradiation and then incubated on synthetic medium (SM). Growth rate, mycelial dry weight and ochratoxin production were measured. A delay in mycelial growth of 24 and 48h over the control occurred following irradiation of mycelial discs with 150 and 200 krad, respectively. No growth occurred from discs exposed to 300 krad. An increase in ochratoxin production occurred on the SM from cultures developing from discs of mycelium which had been irradiated with 50, 100, 150 and 200 krad. The amount of toxin produced was 3500, 4100, 3200 and 3000 ng per plate, respectively, as compared with 2800 ng per plate produced by the control. Exposure of mycelial discs to a temperature of 40°C for 15 and 30 min prior to treatment with 200 krad resulted in complete inhibition in mycelial growth. No growth inhibition or notable change in ochratoxin production was recorded when the mycelial discs were exposed to 25, 50 or 100 krad after the heat treatments. Pure ochratoxin was found to be stable even at 7.5 mrad, and no reduction in its fluorescence intensity under u. v. light was recorded following that dose

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360604

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighteen export grades (Agmark) of Indian cardamom have been studied for their chemical and physical qualities. The grades with heavier and bigger capsules (AGEB and CGEB) were inferior in their flavour constituents to the medium grade (AGS). Chemical bleaching of the capsules decreased the amount of flavour components, especially essential oil, in the capsules.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360605

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn pot and field experiments cereals were grown with greatly differing rates of N, P and K applications. For maize and sorghum, soil moisture levels were also varied. N applications, P‐ and K‐deficiency, and moisture stress generally increased the total N content of grain, from 1.06 to 2.68, 1.01 to 2.42 and 0.81 to 2.33% (as % of DM) for maize, sorghum and rice, respectively. P, K and moisture stress affected the amino acid composition only indirectly through their effects on N concentration. In all three cereals increasing N concentrations were associated with decreases in crude protein of lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine, tryptophan and, generally, with increases of isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and glutamate. Lysine as a percentage of dry matter increased up to the highest N concentration in all three cereals. Linear regressions with significant correlation coefficients were found between concentrations of most (g 16 g−1N) or all (mg 100 g−1DM) amino acids and N content of grain. Based on all experimental data equations for lysine were: g 16 g−1N=4.44–0.89 × %N; 4.23–0.86 × % N; 4.39–0.42 × % N for maize, sorghum and rice, respectively. Correction of P‐ and K‐deficiency decreased N content of grain and resulted in higher lysine content and better nutritional value of grain protein, whereas correction of N‐deficiency had the opposite effect. The amino acid composition of rice was much more balanced than that of maize and sorghum with a leucine/isoleucine ratio of 2 compared to that of 3 in maize and sorghum. In rat feeding experiments true digestibility of maize and sorghum protein was high (about 95%) but increased only slightly with increasing N in grain, whereas the biological value decreased considerably, from 63 to 55 and from 70 to 58, respectively. The chemical score underestimated the nutritional value

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360606

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐eight samples of lettuce and three samples of rye from an experimental site close to a highway were analysed for 20 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and lead. The lettuce plants were grown 8–65 m from the road and collected after 5,9 and 11 weeks of exposure. The levels of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and lead varied from 0.1 to 1.3 μg kg−1and from 0.18 to 1.6 mg kg−1, respectively. The plants grown close to the road and with long exposure times showed the highest levels. The positive gradients for PAH and lead with exposure time and closeness to the road were nearly identical, but in different concentration ranges. Lettuce plants grown in a cold frame showed lower levels than those grown in the open. In rye sampled at 7–25 m from the road, BaP was not detected and lead levels ranged from 0.07 to 0.11 mg kg−1. The results suggest that the Swedish National Food Administration/National Environmental Protection Board recommendations, i.e. not to grow leafy vegetables closer than 25 m from roads with intense traffic, are sufficient at traffic flows of up to 12 000 vehi

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360607

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudy of germinated (malting) barley showed that there was no direct correlation between hordenine levels and the development of N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during kilning. Results also indicated that the repression of NDMA formation by sulphur dioxide was more likely to be linked to a chemical reaction with the nitrosating species and changes in oxygen activity rather than to a simple pH effect. Tyrosinase reduced hordenine levelsin vitro.After nitrosation, the tyrosinase‐hordenine digest produced more NDMA than equivalent digests of inactivated tyrosinase and hordenine. This effect of tyrosinase was enhanced by catechol and reduced by sodium metabisulphite. Preliminary studies indicated that both embryo and endosperm food reserves are utilised for hordenine production by the embryo. Further investigations with excised barley embryos suggested that while L‐tyrosine treatment increased hordenine production, L‐methionine treatment increased the potential of the embryos to fo

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360608

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA further 20 commercially available ion exchange and adsorbent resins were screened for their affinities for titratable acid and citrus bitter principles. Two anion exchange resins offer the prospect of simultaneous acid reduction and debittering; two cation exchange and five adsorbent resins were moderate to powerful adsorbers of the bitter principles. The food regulation status of these resins is discussed.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360609

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies were carried out on protein solubility of almond meal in several solvents, by varying some factors that govern the efficiency of protein extraction. Concentrations of sodium hydroxide in the range 0.025 to 0.1Mextracted most of the protein in almond meal. The rate of stirring had an effect on protein extraction. Increasing the temperature to about 50°C enhanced protein solubility when extractions were carried out using 0.05MNaOH solution. The most efficient solvent: meal ratio was found to be 2000:1 (vol:wt) for a single extraction. Almond proteins displayed a markedly different pH‐nitrogen solubility profile in salt solutions, showing minimal solubility at an acidic pH (pH 3), with a sharp rise in solubility to a maximum at neutrali

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360610

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCardamom (Elettaria cardamomumMaton) is generally harvested immature in Sri Lanka. The effect of maturity on the appearance of the capsule (including chlorophyll content), essential oil content and composition is reported here. With increase in maturity all the above parameters were altered. The notable changes were increased volatile oil and chlorophyll content. The main effect on volatile oils composition was an increase in 1,8 cineole content and a decrease in α‐terpinyl acetate content. A preliminary study on storage showed that neither oil content nor composition varied significantly and that on controlling moisture content chlorophyll losses were retard

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740360611

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY