摘要:

AbstractCholesterol is an important constituent of animal food products and has often been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases. Recent reports have, however, shown the possible role of cholesterol oxidation products (COP), rather than cholesterol, in the initiation of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Cholestan‐3β,5α,6β‐triol and 25‐hydroxycholesterol have been reported as the most potent atherogenic agents. Inhibition of HMG‐CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) enzyme activity and cholesterol biosynthesis by cholesterol oxidation products has also been thoroughly investigated in cultured cells. Various animal food products, viz meat products, egg products and dairy products (especially butter, butter oil, ghee, cheese etc) have been reported to contain various COP developed during certain processing treatments. The literature on the presence of COP in food products and their cytotoxic and atherogenic effects i

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix barley lines derived from corsses involving Hiproly (SV 73608×Mona5) and Riso 1508 with higher yield recipients V 43‐42 and V 5681, along with the four parents, were analyzed for faty acids and mineral composition. Dough properties, bread and chapaties were charcterized by blending barley line (B82503) at 2.5‐25% with bread wheat flour (pak 81).Fatty acid contents were myristic acid, 0.60‐1.16%; palmitic acid, 16.68‐20.84%; stearic acid, 1.30‐3.33% and degree of unsaturation 1.40‐1.50%. The derived lines contained similar amounts of essential fatty acids.Significant variation for magnesium, copper, zinc, phosphorus and potassium was observed but overlapped among the lines and parents. The calciu, iron, and manganese showed non‐significant differences among lines and parents.Blending up to 10% barley flour with bread wheat flour gave farinograph characteristics comparable to those of pure wheat flour, but increasing the proportion of barley beyond this decreased the mix time and dough stability. Breadbaking tests verfied that up to 10% barley could be mixed with wheat without adversely affecting loaf volume and other quality attributes. For chapati making up to 20% barley could be blended into the wheat, yet yield acce

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of tropical environmental conditions on rice breakage during milling was studied. Long grain rough rice (Oryza sativa L) of Suphan‐60 variety from Thailand was freshly harvested at 22.5% moisture content (wet basis), threshed in the field and subsequently dried by aeration in a flat bed grain dryer to 14% moisture content. About 200 g of previously cleaned, well mixed samples were placed in moisture‐free polyethylene bags and stored temporarily in cooling chambers (4–5°C).Rough rice samples were subjected to environmental conditions of 20–35°C and relative humidity of 40–90% during milling. The results indicated that the head rice yield decreased with increase in milling environment temperature at different relative humidity conditions. Head rice yield decreased by approximately 3.51%, 1.26% and 1.65% for increased temperature of 20–35°C at 40%, 60% and 80% relative humidities, respectively. Furthermore, the results also showed that the highest head rice yields of 55.30 to 56.01% were obtained at 70–80% relative humidities and in the 20–25°C temperature range. The effect of tempering on rice kernel breakage during the milling process was also studied. The results showed that during tempering treatment kernel temperature rise during milling was reduced by 2.2°C and 2.87°C for two and three passes, respectively. A head rice yield increase of 0.95 to 1.12% was observed during the tempering process. Increasing the number of passes from one to three during milling results in a lower kernel temperature rise and a higher yield of 2.08 and 1.30% for with and without te

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA gradual decrease was noted in total protein, soluble protein and protein fractions such as albumin, globulin, prolamine andglutelin in the endosperm of Dolichos lablab L germinated for 8 days. Prolamine showed a maximum decrease of 85% whereas only a 25% decrease was noted in the globulin fraction. Both acid and alkaline protease activities increased during germination, and the acid protease activity was consistently higher than the alkaline protease activity throughout. Electrophoretic studies showed that high molecular weight polypeptide bands disappeared with the appearance of new low molecular weight polypeptide bands in the endosperm proteins of the germinating seeds. Total phenolics and tannin contents and trypsin inhibitory activity also increased during the progressive germination. Germination increased the in‐vitro protein digestibility of the endosperm of Dolichos lablab in the presence of proteolytic enzymes like pepsin, trypsin and pancreatin. It showed a negative but non‐significant correlation with trypsin inhibitory activity, phenolics and tannin contents. Amylase activity also increased gradually up to the sixth day of germination which coincided with the increase in the reducing sug

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeven duplicate floor pens with 20 day‐old commercial broiler chicks each were fed a practical type broiler diet formulated with guineacorn/palm kernel meal and supplemented with graded levels of biotin (0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20 and 0.24 mg kg−1feed) for a period of 6 weeks. Significantly poorer feed utilisation and carcass characteristics, higher blood lipid, lower blood glucose, lower pyruvate carboxylase activity in the liver, higher liver and kidney weights (% live weight), more lipid deposition in these organs coupled with more frequent incidences of foot dermatitis, higher mortality due to fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS) and abnormal development of leg bone in broilers maintained on the diet without biotin supplementation indicated that they suffered vitamin deficiency. However, the responses of experimental birds indicated that a dietary supplement of 0.20 mg biotin kg−1feed was adequate for the promotion of good performance and prevention of dermal lesions, FLKS mortality and leg deform

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSite directed mutagenesis was used to introduce two cysteine residues into the hydrophilic regions of the pea vichlin polypeptide previously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutated polypeptide was expresed and the resultant protein was characterised by sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The presence of both intra‐ and inter‐polypeptide sulphydryl bonds was indicated by bands of different mobility from those of the native polypeptide. The association of mutated vicili polypeptides into disulphide‐bonded aggregates within the yeast was not a random process, trimers being the major aggregate produced. When the mutated vicilin was extracted from yeast and purified, random aggregates of the vicilin polypeptide were f

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study provides information on the concentration and quantity of starch, reducing sugars, total sugars, and non‐reducing oligosaccharides in the organs of the common bean plant (Phaseolus vulgarisL cv Jamapa) during growth. The following observations were made: (1) the root, stems and branches were temporary carbohydrate storage organs; (2) until 80 days after sowing (DAS), the leaves were the major contributors to the non‐structural carbohydrates of the whole plant; (3) during the developmental period studied, non‐structural carbohydrate content in the rachis and pulvinus changed frequently; (4) the pod walls contained between 5 and 8% of total sugars at 72 DAS and by maturity soluble sugars diminished to less than 1%; (5) during seed growth (until 80 DAS), the pod walls contained between 11 and 18% starch (dry weight basis) and by maturity this carbohydrate had decreased to 2% of dry weight; and (6) starch represented the major non‐structural storage carbohydrate in mature seeds (29%), as opposed to soluble sugars, which amounted to 2·3% of the dr

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe numbers of bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacteria), lactic acid bacteria,Bacillus‐and Clostridium spores were enumerated in manure and on manured and NPK‐fertilised silage crops. The enterobacteria were biochemically characterised by means of the Minitek system (BBL). More than 90% of the enterobacteria on crops belonged to the genusEnterobacter. A majority of these (72%) were identified asE agglomerans. Manuring did not increase the number of enterobacteria on silage crops.E coliwas the most frequent species in manure but was present at 10−3times that of the total number of enterobacteria on the crop one week after manuring. The number ofBacillusspores was 20–40 times higher on manured crops and the number did not decline with time, whereasClostridiumspores, coliforms capable of growing at 44°C andE coliwere reduced 6, 40 and 20 times respectively between manuring and harvesting (7 weeks).Mechanical harvesting increased the number ofBacillusspores and coliforms capable of growing at 44°C on NPK fertilised crops probably due to soil contamination. Enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria increased during wilting. The most representative enterobacteria on wilted crops was a specific biovariant, possiblyE agglomeransorRahnella

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA histological study combined with a newly devised compression test was carried out to clarify the mechanism of the post‐mortem tenderisation of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykissWalbaum) muscle. It is suggested that the integrity of the extracellular matrix structure is very important for the toughness of fish muscle. During chilled storage, the gradual disintegration of the extracellular matrix structure was clearly demonstrated by light microscopic observations after compression but little change was observed without it. It is therefore suggested that the post‐mortem tenderisation of fish muscle is closely related to the gradual disintegration of the extracellular matrix structure after de

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn‐vitro iron dialysability from five Italian legumes (mottled bean, white bean, faba bean, chickpea, lentil) and the influence of phytate and extrusion cooking on it were evaluated. Iron dialysability was 2·3 and 2·4% in mottled and white bean respectively, 1·2% infaba bean, 2·7% in chickpea and 1·1% in lentil. After extrusion cooking the flours showed a marked iron contamination and a decrease in iron dialysability, but these changes were significant only for mottled bean. Enzymic phytate removal induced an increase in iron dialysability>100% in all the raw legumes except mottled bean which showed an increase of only 57%. This finding indicates that, although phytate consistently modifies iron dialysability, it is difficult to identify a quantitative relationship between phytate content and iron dialysa

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740550411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY