摘要:

AbstractAn examination of a sample of the eggs obtained over a year from four birds, each of four breeds, namely, White Leghorn, Black Leghorn, Rhode Island Red and Light Sussex, has been made. This examination included studies of percentage of cracked eggs, shell thickness and porosity, membrane thickness, total shell nitrogen and insoluble and soluble fractions. All these characteristics varied widely from bird to bird, but, despite this, all except porosity showed marked breed differences too, although on the basis of quantitative values, no one breed excelled in all characteristics. Shell thickness declined in the summer months and membrane thickness was very low in April, but no other characteristic appeared to be affected by the season. Shell thickness of itself was not a guide to the cracking of eggs but for any one bird the cracked eggs had the thinner shells. There was also a possibility that the cracked eggs had the thicker membranes. Thin‐shelled eggs had a higher nitrogen content and this has been explained on the basis of shell structure. The close relationship between weight of true shell per unit area and shell thickness has been reaffirmed and it is suggested that weight per unit area is an easier, more reliable and quicker method of obtaining relative thicknesses of shells, than is the measurement of shell thickness using a micrometer screw gaug

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090801

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe usefulness of the physical barrier of a paper sack against insect infestation, particularly byTribolium castaneum Herbst.in stored decorticated groundnuts in Northern Nigeria was studied. Laboratory trials and open‐air field tests showed that the storage of uninfested nuts in paper sacks preserved quality and reduced losses to a greater extent than did conventional hessian sacks. Previously infested groundnuts stored in paper sacks showed lower quality and greater losses in weight than similar nuts in hessian containers.Paper sacks with a sleeve valve for filling were more proof against insects than open‐mouthed paper sacks and both types were particularly successful when situated either in the upper layers or in the interior of a stack in the open

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090802

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn account is given of vinegar‐producing bacteria isolated by one of the authors (R. M. N.) in the Department of Agriculture, Nairobi, and also of acetic acid bacteria isolated from English malt vinegar acetifiers. The cultures selected in East Africa consisted mainly of strains ofAcetobacter acetigenum, A. xylinumandA. acetosum:two of the organisms have been accorded varietal distinction under the respective namesA. acetosumvar.nairobienseandA. xylinumvar.africanum.Of 10 pure cultures isolated from English acetifiers, 4 organisms which formed surface pellicles were provisionally identified asA. kützingianum(2 strains),A. xylinum(1 strain) andA. pasteurianum(1 strain), while 6 non‐pellicle‐formers were considered to be strains ofA. acetosumandA. asc

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090803

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparison of normally ripened tomato fruit and fruit showing uneven pigmentation has revealed considerable differences in composition. Thus the normal fruit had a significantly higher content of dry matter, and higher concentrations of total solids, reducing sugars and nitrogenous compounds were found in sap expressed from normal than from blotchy fruit. Sap from normal fruit also had the higher titratable acidity and lower pH.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090804

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn investigation has been made of the acetone‐insoluble fraction of flour oil which appears to be the primary source of substances capable of increasing or decreasing loaf volume and crumb firmness. A qualitative separation of the fatty acids present in this fraction has been made by gas chromatography and the presence of unsaturated C6and C7acids, among other acids, has been demonstrated, and also of an unsaturated C19acid fraction in flour oil. The acetone‐insoluble fraction has also been fractionated by countercurrent distribution, the best solvent system being carbon tetrachloride‐methanol‐water‐ethyl acetate‐ammonia. Six pooled fractions so obtained were hydrolysed and examined by paper chromatography. Two fractions were obtained free from choline, and partial resolution of choline phosphatides in the remaining four fractions was observed. Galactolipids were concentrated in a single fraction; protein and glycerol were detected in all fractions. The presence of acetal and of serine‐ and ethanolamine‐containing phospholipids was demonstrated.It is clear that lipoprotein is associated with the lipid extracted from flour by carbon tetrachloride and it appears that for the purposes of characterization, lipid will require separating from the lipid‐protein complexes. This is considered of importance because of the fundamental effect these substances appear to have on bread quality, the nature of which is not revealed by conventional flou

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090805

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe phytate phosphorus and total phosphorus contents of oat grain have been studied, and it has been shown that there are very significant differences between varieties ofAvena sativaon the one hand and ofA. strigosaandA. strigosa X A. brevison the other. The ratio of phytate P to total P is, however, remarkably constant in mature grain. Changes in phytate and total P accompanying maturation of the grain and germination have also been studied. The calcium and magnesium contents of the grain are considered in relation to their presence in phytin, and some of the evidence suggests that the phytin of different cereals may differ in chemical composition.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090806

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe four main classes of carbohydrate in rice, (a) starch, (b) pentosans, (c) sugars, and (d) cellulosic material, have been separately determined and their sum has been shown to agree closely with the composite fraction ‘carbohydrate by difference’. The samples so analysed ranged from the Loonzain to the fully refined stage of rice milling. The methods used have already been applied to wheat flours,1, 2the only difference being that, in the case of rice, the cellulosic material may be determined by the normal fibre proc

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090807

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper deals with the chemistry, biological activity, toxicology and residues in foodstuffs ofOO‐diethyl S‐2‐diethylaminoethyl phosphorothiolate and its

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090808

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA modification is proposed of the two‐dimensional chromatographic procedure of Greenet al.in order to achieve uniform and replicate separation of the tocopherol spots. The proposed method is more suitable than the previous procedure for control purposes in a small laboratory. Results are recorded for a number of Australian cereal

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090809

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe identity of the amino sugars in various soils has been studied by chromatographic techniques. Glucosamine and galactosamine were detected in every soil examined.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740090810

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY