摘要:

AbstractThe transverse distribution of calcium across median slices was measured in Cox's Orange Pippin apples with breakdown and in sound fruit from the same sources removed at the same time from stores held at 3°C. In addition to usually having a lower average calcium concentration in the slice, every apple with breakdown had a lower proportion of calcium in the core zone than the average proportion for the sound fruit

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe review discusses the potential use of recombinant DNA technology to modify fermentation characteristics of rumen microorganisms with the objective of improving efficiency of meat, milk or wool production by ruminant livestock. Some of the genetic modification postulated are enhanced cellulolysis, reduced methanogenesis and decreased proteolysis/deamination. The technical difficulties involved in carrying out the gene modifications in terms of vector construction, uptake of DNA and expression of heterologous genes are discussed. Finally, the feasibility of introducing a genetically altered microorganism into a complex symbiotic ecosystem is questioned.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPelargonium graveolenswas cultivated to evaluate the potential for geranium oil production in Israel. During the summer (April‐November) the essential oil content in fresh plants increased from 0.2‐0.4%. In this period aPelargoniumcrop can be harvested three times. A total yield of 185 litres ha−1of geranium oil can be expected, including the essential oil dispersed and remaining in the distillation water. This so‐called ‘secondary’ oil can amount to 25% of the total oil yield. The odour evaluation and composition data show that oil fromP. graveolensgrown experimentally in Israel is of good quality and belongs to the African type of g

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFish waste was ensiled either by acidification with formic acid or by fermentation with a bacterial starter culture and molasses. The resulting liquids were mixed with wheat bran (85:15 w/w liquid: bran) and dried (70°C) to produce acid silage meal (ASM) and fermented silage meal (FSM). ASM and FSM were incorporated into wheat‐based diets at 25, 50 and 100 g kg−1at the expense of soya bean meal. There were two control diets, one which contained soya bean meal as the predominant protein supplement and a second in which fish meal (50 g kg−1) was added at the expense of some of the soya bean meal. Starter diets (13.25 MJ ME kg−1, 12 g kg−1lysine) were fed from 1‐day‐old to 21‐days‐old and finisher diets (13.25 MJ ME kg−1, 9.5 g kg−1lysine) were fed from 22 to 42‐days‐old to six replicates each of five birds. Birds were reared in raised‐wire cages, and feed intake, liveweight and mortality were recorded. There were no significant effects of dietary inclusion of either ASM and FSM on the performance of broiler chickens relative to those fed on control diets. FSM contained less crude protein and amino acids than ASM. The recovery of amino acids relative to the total crude protein content from FSM was only 78.7%, presumably as a result of formation of Maillard rea

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeven chick bioassays were conducted with 600 one‐week‐old White Leghorn cockerels to determine the zero nitrogen‐corrected metabolisable energy (MEn) values of twenty‐three Sri Lankan‐produced feedstuffs. The MEnvalues (MJ kg−1dry matter) of the feedstuffs were: maize 14.28, sorghum 14.42, broken rice 12.35, rough rice 9.21, rice bran grade I 14.28, rice bran grade II 9.30, wheat feed flour 9.31, wheat bran 7.66, undetoxified cassava root meal 13.38, detoxified cassava root meal 15.92, coconut oil meal 7.46, sesame oil meal 11.48, rubber seed meal 11.25, kapok seed meal 8.75, urd bean 12.68, cassava leaf meal 7.82, local fish meal 11.97, skim milk powder 10.41, meat and bone meal 8.02, sugar filter‐press mud 8.85, cocoa husk meal 7.46, Mango seed kernel meal 10.84, and tea refuse 6.02. The difference between the MEnvalues of undetoxified and detoxified cassava root meal indicate that hydrocyanic acid interferes with energy utilisati

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new method of measuring the cation‐exchange capacity (CEC) of plant materials was developed utilising the tripositive rare earth (RE) elements praseodymium (Pr) or neodymium (Nd). Unlike monovalent cations, the trivalent rare earths become tightly bound to fibre thus decreasing the variability involved with washing. Since the acetate complexes of the rare earths are soluble and relatively stable to hydroxide formation up to pH 7.0, this method can be used to measure CEC of plant materials over the pH range of the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, background levels of the RE elements are low in plant tissue. Trivalent Pr and Nd absorb in the visible region of the light spectrum and have the greatest absorptivity of the RE elements. Pr was selected over Nd for this method based upon the binding characteristics of the element. However, Nd may be used if interferences are encountered using Pr. The conditions chosen for optimal binding of Pr to plant materials are as follows: 0.5g samples soaked in 10ml of 0.10MRE acetate, at pH 7.0, for 24h, at 39°C. Coefficients of variation were less than 3.6% for each RE‐feedstuff combination exam

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe variations in major and minor element concentrations in winter wheat grain from a UK survey and from three experiments on farms with high yields (>10tha−1) are given. In the survey, the concentrations of P, K, S, Ca and Mg varied twofold, the elements Fe, Zn and Cu varied threefold, whilst Mn varied by a factor of five. Small varietal differences in grain composition were detected. In the field experiments only the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and S changed significantly as yields increased, and most of the changes were positive, except for Mn, which did not increase with yield. Foliar fungicidal sprays containing Mn increased grain Mn in 1981 and 1982, but S‐containing sprays did not alter grain S in 1983. The offtakes of all the elements studied are given both nationally and for high and low yields on the three farms. These offtakes are compared with the inputs of P, K and Mg in fertilisers and the likely inputs of S from the atmosph

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor 30 acid upland and hill soils, with initial pH from 3.5 to 5.8, and loss on ignition from 14% to 94%, cation exchange capacity varied with pH according to the relationship CEC =mpH+C, wheremandCare characteristic of each soil. The slopemdepended on loss on ignition (LOI), and is given by:m=Δ CEC/Δ=0.22 LOI+1.92. Because of these relationships, CEC measured at the natural pH of the soil (in 0.025MMgSO4solution) is more relevant to field conditions than a conventional measurement at pH7. An improved method for estimating lime requirement (LR) of these soils was developed, based on the relationship found between LR and the difference in CEC (ΔCEC) between that at the natural pH of the soil and that at the target pH of 5.5: LR=1.12 ΔCEC+1.48. Lime requirement can therefore also be estimated from loss on ignition using the earlier relationships, and is given by: LR=(0.25 LOI+2.15) Δ+1.48, where Δ is the difference between the natural pH (in 0.025MMgSO4) and the target pH. Predictions based on this agreed well with results for a further 10

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe suitability for fish silage‐making of eight differentLactobacilluscultures was investigated. The industrial by‐products whey powder and molasses, as well as refined sugar, were tested as fermentation substrates. Using the information obtained two batches of fish silage were made at local white fish processing plants on a semi‐commercial basis and subsequently successfully used on local cattle and pig

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInducing a cardiac arrest between stunning and sticking in cattle had no effect on the residual blood content of the hide. Skin from animals which had been dead for about 15 min, but not bled, contained twice as much blood as skin from animals slaughtered in a normal manner. It is concluded, therefore, that the fellmongering problems which are associated with excessive amounts of blood in the hide should not be a problem when stunning methods which simultaneously induce a cardiac arrest are used. This should hold true provided the animal is stuck promptly after it has undergone heart failure.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740361111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY