摘要:

AbstractCassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz), an important tropical root crop, is considered to have a good potential for use as a forage because leaf blades generally contain<20% crude protein (CP). However, neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF) obtained from cassava leaf blades contains condensed tannins (CTs) and high levels of CP. The amount of CP in the NDF that is insoluble when treated with pepsin or protease is highly correlated with the amount of CTs in the NDF. CTs in the NDF are rich in prodelphinidin. CTs may be an important factor limiting the nutritive value of cassava forag

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe classification and identification of 38 wheat cultivars ofTriticum aestivumL. and one cultivar ofTriticum speltaL. have been carried out using polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis. The analyses were carried out using different parts of dry kernels, specifically embryo plus scutellum, endosperm and 15‐day‐old seedling leaves. The isozymic systems studied were: peroxidases, malic dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase in dry kernels; α‐amylases in germinating kernel endosperms and phospho‐glucose mutase and isomerase, esterases, leucin‐aminopeptidase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, malic dehydrogenase and peroxidases in 15‐day‐old seedling leaves. Not all the cultivars could be identified. One group had three cultivars, five groups had two cultivars, and 26 groups had only one cultivar. The classification obtained using the isozymic patterns and the similarity indexes did not show a clear relation to the ancestor‐descendant relationships among r

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEmissions of nitrous oxide from permanent grass swards growing on monoliths of clay (Salop series) or silt loam (Bromyard series) soils contained in lysimeters (80 cm diameter, 135 cm deep), were measured between October 1977 and August 1980. With no added fertiliser nitrous oxide emissions were small (equivalent to 10–30 μg N m−2h−1), but after application of nitrate fertiliser (400 kg N ha−1year−1) during the spring and summer months, emissions increased to peak valuesca1000 μg N m−2h−1. The peaks were associated with nitrogen applications and rainfall/irrigation events, but persisted only for 3–7 days. Nitrous oxide production in the soil was mostly restricted to the upper 30 cm of the soil profile. Total annual nitrous oxide losses amounted to 6–8 kg N ha−1from the Salop clay soil and 4–6 kg N ha−1fr

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConcentrations of rice pollard of 85 and 420 g kg−1were included in iso‐energetic layer diets without any detrimental effect on production. Immediate improvements in egg weight and egg gradings were observed as a result of feeding rice pollard from point‐of‐lay; these presumably reflected increased dietary concentrations of linoleic acid. Varying responses to the two dietary rice pollard concentrations indicated strain differences in linoleic acid requirements during the early laying period. Rapid reductions in egg weight and egg gradings occurred when the rice pollard was removed at 48 weeks of age, the effect being most noticeable in birds previously fed the high concentration of rice

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experiment is described in which a flock of sheep was kept for 23 months on a field contaminated with mercury as a result of atmospheric emissions from a chloralkali site. The mercury concentration found in the flesh of the sheep during the trial was within the range present in other commercially available meat. Levels of mercury found in the kidney and liver were elevated, although<10% of the mercury in the organs or the flesh was in the methylated form. About 0.1% of the total mercury taken in by inhalation and ingestion was retained by the sheep. The breeding performance of the flock was normal. It is concluded that contamination of grass as a result of atmospheric discharges of inorganic mercury from UK chlor‐alkali sites causes no hazard either directly to grazing animals or indirectly to humans who might ultimately consume their fles

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe biological value (BV) and true digestibility of lucerne and barley juice protein mixed with ground barley grain were estimated using the Thomas‐Mitchell balance method with rats. The BV with forage barley juice protein was similar to that of barley grain protein alone and was not improved by any of the applied treatments. The BV with lucerne juice protein was lower and was improved by separating the ‘brown juice’ after heat coagulation. Better results were obtained in a group fed diets with lowered levels of potassium and calcium which suggested an imbalance in the mineral content of lucerne juice; there was no difference in water consumption. The haemoglobin content of the blood of rats fed lucerne or barley juice alone was lower than that of animals fed plant juice/barley grain mixtures. No pathological lesions were observed in the guts, kidneys and livers of the

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn arable soil, the biomass in the surface 5 cm of soil, as measured by the fumigation/respiration technique, increased when roots grew, reached a maximum around the time of maximum root production and thereafter declined. Rotovation of the soil in autumn resulted in a smaller biomass than in undisturbed soil, but only in the spring. Straw on the soil surface seemed not to affect the biomass, but it may have caused a transient increase in early autumn. Application of nitrogen fertiliser increased the biomass in soil after direct‐drilling cereals but not after ploughin

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAgricultural residues, including sugar cane bagasse, maize stalks, rice straw and rice hulls, were ammoniated at high temperature and pressure. Products containing more than 2% fixed nitrogen were obtained. The highest level of nitrogen was found after ammoniation of sugar cane bagasse. Maize stalks, rice straw and rice hulls contained decreasing amounts. The level of ammoniation achieved was related to the pentosan content of the residue used.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA high‐molecular‐weight α‐amylase inhibitor has been isolated from mature tubers ofDioscorea alataby extraction with 0.02M acetate buffer (pH 5.0), negative absorption on CM‐cellulose and ultracentrifuging. The inhibitor was fairly heat stable and was active against human salivary, human pancreatic and pig pancreatic amylases. The inhibitor had no action onBacillus subtilisandAspergillus oryzaeamylases. Trypsin and α‐chymotrypsin inactivated the inhibitor. Pre‐incubation of the inhibitor with starch or concanavalin A resulted in complete abolition of its activity. Chemical modification of the amino groups with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid led to loss of activity. The inhibitor was found to be a glycoprotein with 64% carbohydrate. The monosaccharide units present were glucose, mannose and galactose in a molar ratio

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA protease has been purified from neem gum by chromatography of the partially demetallised gum on TEAE‐cellulose and by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A‐Sepharose 4B. The protease was found to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by chromatography on Sephadex G‐200 in the presence of 6M urea. The protease contained covalently bound carbohydrate to the extent of 19%. The monosaccharide units mannose, glucosamine, arabinose, galactose, fucose, xylose and glucose in an approximate molar ratio of 4:3:3:2:2:1:1, constituted the carbohydrate portion of the protease. The linkage between the carbohydrate and protein segments in the protease was found to be anN‐glycosidic bond involving gl

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY