ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740030601

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740030602

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstractα‐(2 : 4‐Dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid has been resolved into its optical isomers via the brucine and cinchonine salts, and the activity of the two forms, in three standard auxin tests, has been measured. It was found that the (+)‐form had twice the activity of the racemic acid whereas the (−)‐form wa

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740030603

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of the antioxidants ascorbic acid, ethyl gallate, gallic acid and pyrocatechol, as estimated from peroxide determinations, varied considerably. They had no effect on peroxide development in a number of samples; with others there was a significant effect. Tasting tests did not provide evidence of any significant effect, and this result, coupled with evidence which showed that there was no true inhibition, but rather a retardation of peroxide development, is taken to indicate that the antioxidants tested have an insignificant effect on the development of rancidity in cold stored herrings. It was also observed that all the antioxidants had a marked adverse effect on flavour at the concentrations employed. The storage life of filleted herrings was observed to be somewhat less than that of whole herrings and could not be extended by antioxidants.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740030604

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1. The effects of three types of soil preparation—ploughing to 8 in., use of a cultivator 3 to 4 in. deep or more, shallow cultivation to 1 1/2‐2 in.—on the winter survivals of wheat were examined on six farms and during three seasons.2. The effects varied with the type of soil and with the season; open‐textured and light soils were the chief types in which winter survivals were affected by cultivation. In ploughed and 4‐in.‐cultivated soils winter survival was superior to that in shallow‐cultivated soils in mild seasons; the reverse was true in the severe winter of 1946–47.3. In the moderate seasons of 1945–46 and 1947–48, early frost caused higher mortality after shallow cultivation as a result of the shallower placement of seed. In the severe winter, with deeper ground‐frost, of 1946–47, the relative depth of penetration of frost into the soil in the arable layer was the factor primarily concerned in producing greater frostinjury to the plants in the ploughed and deep‐cultivated plots, as compared with the shallow‐cultivated. The seed‐bed left after shallow cultivation was more compact than that after ploughing or deep cultivation and seemed to be associated with the effects of different types of cultivation on winter survivals in 1946–47.4. It is suggested that early sowing of the crop with shallow cultivation to about 2 in. would reduce the risk of frost injury in the open‐textured and light soils during moderate as well as severe winters. Sowing must be early enough to ensure good establishment of the plants before the frosty periods.5. Varietal differences in susceptibility to winter killing were of the same order under the three types of cultivation treatments and in all soils. Neither cultivation nor varietal selection alone could give a normal stand in a severely affected soil such as Burdiehouse. In such soil, shallow cultivation (2 in.) and use of a frost‐resistant variety would probably give a stand of plants equal to that in a soi

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740030605

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom the unsaponifiable matter of cod‐liver oil a fraction has been isolated with strong inhibitory action upon the growth ofMycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, using the fluid medium of Sauton with and without addition of serum albumin.The fraction was toxic to guinea pigs and therefore could not be studied effectively in experimental tuberculosis in these animal

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740030606

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe kinetics of the disappearance from garden loam of 2 : 4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) have been studied by a modification of the Lees&Quastel perfusion technique.Three phases in this disappearance can be distinguished: (a) an initial rapid adsorption on the soil colloids (2,4‐D : 0.17 mg./g. of soil; MCPA : 0.03 mg./g. of soil); (b) a lag phase during which no appreciable change in concentration of herbicide in the soil solution took place. The duration was approximately 14 days for 2,4‐D and 50–80 for MCPA; (c) a phase of rapid disappearance, which was maintained indefinitely on subsequent perfusions with fresh herbicide solutions. Maximum rate attained was of the order of 3 — 4 × 10−6moles of 2,4‐D per g. of soil per day.These facts and results with a bacterial poison (sodium azide) suggest that the breakdown is due to a micro‐organism population proliferating in response to the perfusion.An organism (Bacterium globiforme) capable of decomposing 2,4‐D has been isolated from such soils but so far has not been grown in quantity in pure culture. ‘Cross perfusion’ experiments indicate that the same organism is responsible for breakdown of MCPA as well as of 2,4‐D but that a different enzyme system is involved in each case. The efficiencies of these systems are highest when acting on the ‘adapting’ molecule.Evidence has been obtained that 2 : 4‐dichlorophenol is an intermediate in 2,4‐D breakdown although the enzyme system taking part in the phenol breakdown seems to be easil

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740030607

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a herring‐reduction method in which sodium hydroxide was used to dissolve minced herrings to enable most of the oil to be recovered, studies have been carried out on the recovery of the protein fraction, both in the laboratory and on a commercial scale.After digestion with 2% alkali, the protein recoverable by acidification falls by 18.6% at 70°, by 30.8% at 90° and with 3% alkali by 54.5% at 90° in 12 hours.Some practical feeding trials, giving the relationship between method of treatment and damage to protein, are discu

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740030608

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProtein concentrates obtained as by‐products from the alkali‐reduction treatment of herrings have been analysed for some important vitamins and amino‐acids, and also tested as supplements to basic cereal rations for poultry. All the products showed considerable destruction of riboflavin and pantothenic acid in the process, but those prepared by the ‘mild’ treatment have a gross protein value of 75% of that for conventional fish meals. This may be explained by the destruction of much of the cystine in the herrings during the reduction process. When a ‘mild process’ alkali‐reduction meal replaced white‐fish meal in growing and laying rations of the ‘regulation’ type used in the U.K. there was no decline in growth or egg‐production. The meal had no tainting effect on either the meat or the eggs produc

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740030609

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY