摘要:

AbstractThe products of the fermentation of soluble carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids present in grasses have been examined and have been shown to vary depending upon the type of bacteria responsible for the fermentation. The significance of the presence in silage of various volatile fatty acids, amines and neutral fermentation products such as mannitol and acetoin is discussed.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181001

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeed oils ofLuffa acutangulaandLuffa aegyptiacawere examined for their component acids by reversed‐phase partition column chromatography with the following results:L. acutangula:lauric, 0.5%; Myristic, 0.7%; palmitic, 12.9%; stearic, 7.8%; arachidic, 0.5%; behenic, 1.0%; hexadecenoic, 4.3%; oleic, 22.1%; and linoleic, 50.2%.L. aegyptiaca:lauric, 0.2%; myristic, 1.0%; palmitic, 11.2%; stearic, 9.9%; arachidic 0.8%; behenic, 1.1%; hexadecenoic, 2.9%; oleic, 24.1%; linoleic, 48.3%; and linolenic, 0.5%. Epoxy oleic acid reported to be present in the seed oil ofL. acutangulawas not detected in the sample investigate

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe activities of DNOC, dinoseb, dinoterb and dinosam and the 5‐methyl analogues (I; R = Bus, But, or CHMePrnand R' = Me) of these phenols againstCapsella bursa‐pastoris, Chenopodium album, Senecio vulgaris, Stellaria mediaandRumexspp., and their effects on peas, oats, beet, cabbage and carrots, were investigated by pre‐emergence application to soil. The effects of esterification of these phenols with aliphatic acids, of esterification of dinoterb with dibasic acids, aromatic acids, substituted carbonic acids, and of etherification on activity were investigated. 2‐t‐Butyl phenols and their aliphatic esters proved more active than the corresponding compounds of the other phenols. Acetylation improved the activity of dinoterb and medinoterb. Halogenation reduced the activity of the acetate of dinoterb, but unsaturation of the ester chain enhanced the activity of dinoterb esters. Esterification of dinoterb with aromatic acids, substituted carbonic acids, oxalic and adipic acids, and etherification led to compounds of low activity. In general, all compounds caused little damage to peas and oats. Dinoterb esters damaged cabbage plants. Esters of medinoterb were generally less damaging to crops than were dinote

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIrradiation of vacuum‐packed back cuts of green bacon with a dose of 0.44 Mrad delayed spoilage at −1° from 9 to more than 40 weeks, and at 5° from 4 to more than 20 weeks. Organoleptic quality remained good throughout storage except for a very slight irradiation odour, detectable in the raw product

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome aspects of the composition of tomato fruit from a 32NK × 23PMgCa factorial nutritional trial have been studied for four seasons. Increasing applications of potassic fertilisers significantly increased the titratable, total and combined acidities, potassium content, refractive index and specific conductivity of the expressed fruit juices. The effects of nitrogen were not so pronounced and, with respect to acidity, potassium content and specific conductivity, were influenced by the level of potassium applied. The potassium content and the acidity of the fruit juices were closely correlated.Nitrogen applications significantly depressed the sugar content of the fruit, but potassium and phosphorus had little effect.Phosphorus reduced the acidity, potassium content and specific conductivity, particularly at low potassium levels.Magnesium and lime had little effect on tomato fruit composition

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method has been devised for the determination of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate in water‐soluble artificial fertilisers. The infra‐red absorption spectra of suitably prepared aqueous fertiliser extracts were recorded and the absorbences measured at the appropriate four wavelengths. Results calculated from these absorbences gave ammonium concentrations which agreed with those obtained by chemical analysis to an accuracy of about 0.1% at the 10% level, whilst the nitrate and phosphate results agreed to about 0

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe root ofNymphaea lotusL. has been subjected to proximate analysis. The carbohydrate fraction has been investigated by paper chromatography after extraction successively with cold water, 80% ethanol and cold 5% sodium hydroxide and by quantitative chemical analysis. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were identified in the cold water extract and mannitol, galacturonic acid and raffinose in the 80% ethanolic extract. The polysaccharide fraction on complete hydrolysis with 90% formic acid, was shown to contain only glucose. Quantitative analysis of the protein fraction by 2‐dimensional paper chromatography gave ten amino acids. Samples of roots were dehydrated, chipped or pickled, and subjected to preliminary assessment by a taste pane

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStructural transformations in acid solutions of some flavylium salts, anthocyanidins and anthocyanins have been studied by spectrum and pH measurements. The stabilities of the coloured cationic forms were increased by substitution of hydroxyl groups in positions 7 and 5 of the A ring, but decreased by hydroxylation in the 3‐position (anthocyanidins). The anthocyanin 3,5‐diglycosides were stronger acids than the 3‐glycosides. The effect of substituents on anhydro‐base formation is also described. The results are discussed in relation to the possible use of flavylium salts as food ad

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReactions between sulphur dioxide and flavylium salts, anthocyanidins and anthocyanins have been studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results were consistent with the formation of a complex between sulphur dioxide and the flavylium cation (F+) of mole ratio 1:1 and have been expressed in terms of apparent formation constants (Ks). Complex stability (measured at pH 1.05) was reduced by hydroxylation of the 7‐ and 5‐positions of the flavylium structure, the effect of the latter being more marked, but it was increased by hydroxylation in position 3 (anthocyanidins). The anthocyanins formed the weakest complexes of those compounds studied. Although complexes of the anthocyanin 3‐glycosides were significantly weaker than those of the 3,5‐diglycosides at pH 1.05, there was little difference between them at pH 3‐3.5. The variation in theirKsvalues with pH could not be explained on the assumption that the ligand was simply the bisulphite anion HSO3. The effect of anthocyanins on the determination of free sulphur dioxide in fruit products is

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of ‘Colas’ bitumen emulsion on soil temperature, soil moisture and the stability of soil structure were determined in temperate and tropical conditions.At a depth of 5 cm, soil temperature increments of from 2°c in England to 8°c in Trinidad were recorded when the soil was mulched with bitumen. Temperatures under bitumen were shown to be higher than those under mulches of black polyethylene, sand or pine needles, and in unmulched soil. It was also shown that growing crops exerted an increasing shading effect which limited the period of effectiveness of a mulch. When the mulch is applied in bands, these should be at least 15 cm wide for maximum temperature increments to occur.Soil moisture studies were conducted both in the field and under laboratory/glasshouse conditions. It was found that only comparatively thick mulches on smooth soil surfaces, caused any appreciable reduction in water losses through evaporation.It was found that the crumb structures of soils treated with very thin bitumen mulches (∼150μ thick) were able to withstand considerably more weathering by rainfall or irrigation than unmulched soil before breakdown of the soil surface structure

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740181010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY