摘要:

AbstractGarlic (Allium sativum L) bulb explants produced undifferentiated white globular callus when grown on MS medium having 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy‐acetic acid (2,4‐D) and Kinetin (Kn). Such callus when grown on medium having indole‐3‐yl‐acetic acid (IAA) and/or Kn developed into the differentiating callus which had comparatively more allicin than that of undifferentiated callus. The effect of sucrose, NH 4+/NO 3−ratios and hormone concentrations on growth and allicin development in the callus was investigated. There was a significant increase in allicin development in callus when grown for up to 4 weeks on medium (a) having sucrose at 3% and 5% levels; (b) having NH 4+and NO 3−ratios at 2:1 and 1;1; and (c) with Kn alone at a concentration of 0.5 mg litre−1, which produced a tenfold in

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was initiated to investigate the relationship between increased kernel sink capacity and fertiliser N use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L). Two hybrids differing in yield potential, Pioneer brand 3732 (P3732) and B73 × Mo17, were grown on field plots with four levels of N fertiliser. The kernel sink of P3732 was modified by cross‐pollinating P3732 with pollen from B73 × Mo17. Vegetation and kernal samples collected from the N treatments at mid‐silk and at 30, 45 and 60 days post‐pollination (DPP) were analysed for accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and N content. Grain yield was also determined. Modification of the P3732 endosperm genotype through cross‐pollination significantly increased kernel weight, kernel protein content and grain yield at each level of N treatment, indicating an improvement in fertiliser N use efficiency due to an increased sink demand. All three levels of N application produced similar effects on the accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and N in plant parts for both endosperm genotypes. Since the harvest index observed at 30, 45 and 60 DPP was similar between sib‐ and cross‐pollinated plants, the additional nutrients translocated into developing kernels of P3732 cross‐pollinated plants were mainly derived from increases in duration of dry matter production and N uptake by vegetative tissues rather than from improved partitio

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNutrient efficiency, as a component of crop production efficiency, is a major key to agricultural competitiveness and sustainability. This study was initiated to evaluate the efficiency of N uptake and redistribution of eight maize (Zea mays L) hybrids differing in yield potential and grown with different levels of N fertiliser. Plants were sampled during the growing season to determine N uptake kinetics and effects of N supply on protein degradation and N mobilisation from vegetative tissues. These studies indicate that, under adequate N fertiliser conditions, hybrids took up about 2.5 to 3.0 g N per plant by the mid‐silk stage; however, the amount of N taken up during the period of grain fill varied greatly among the hybrids. High N‐responsive hybrids took up as much as 3 g N per plant after mid‐silk while low N‐responsive hybrids required only about 1.2 g N per plant. Although proteolysis in leaves is generally related to the availability of N, hybrids differ in the time and extent of protein hydrolysis and nutrient mobilisation. N sufficiency throughout the crop season is critical to preserve RuBP carboxylase and other proteins in leaves to maximise grain fill for the high N‐responsiv

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractField trials at two sites assessed the effects of different husbandry practices on seed yield and oil content of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L). A pot experiment investigated very early sowings. In the field trials maximum seed yields were achieved from sowings over a longer period at Elgin than at Aberdeen. Sowings in pots before mid‐March resulted in poor plant establishments. Yields responded to nitrogen fertiliser levels greater than 40 kg ha−1only on the lighter Elgin soils. There appeared to be no yield advantage from establishing more than 400 plants m−2at either site. Plant growth regulators reduced plant height and, where lodging was reduced, increased yield. Seed oil contents were influenced more by environment than by husbandry; high nitrogen applications on light soils gave significant reductions in oil co

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhenolic compounds in leaves and stems from different sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) varieties grown at several sites were analysed by HPLC. The chromatograms were subjected to cluster analysis. Environment had greater effects on phenolic composition than variety. However, some differences were also due to varietal effects. Whilst most varieties seemed to give strong environment × genotype interactions, the phenolic compositions of two bird‐resistant (BR) varieties were more stable in different environments. Differences between bird‐and‐non‐bird‐resistant varieties were clearly expressed in leaf phenolics at some but not all sites. All varieties had similar stem phenolics.This type of information is relevant to breeding programmes. A strategy is suggested for selecting BR varieties with improved diges

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects, with regard to eating quality and to growth, of leaf nutrient concentrate (LNC) in fish feed for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson)) were investigated in two consecutive studies. In the first study the admixture of LNC was made on an isocaloric basis, primarily by replacing a quantity of carbohydrates from the control feed. The control diet and two diets with 25% and 45% LNC, respectively, were administered for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. In the second study the LNC partly replaced protein and lipid from fish meal in the control feed. A control diet and two diets with 12.5% and 25% LNC, respectively, were administered for 16 weeks. The LNCs were obtained from lactic‐acid‐fermented green leaf juice mixtures.The effects of LNC in the feed indicated that.Rainbow trout did not have a satisfactory growth on feed with 25% or 45% LNC incorporated whereas fish on 12.5% LNC in the feed did not differ from fish on the control feed.Rainbow trout on LNC feed did not have the delicate acidulous taste characteristic of fresh rainbow trout.The muscle lipid level was reduced with increased LNC level of the feed.The relative level of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with an increased level of LNC, and saturated fatty ac

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relative roles of volatile and non‐volatile compounds and fruit firmness in the sensory attributes of ripe kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A Chev) Liang et Ferguson var deliciosa cv Hayward) were investigated. Kiwifruit harvested at different maturities and ripened either immediately after harvest or after storage were assessed individually using various objective and sensory parameters.As fruit firmness decreased within the eating ripe range, the levels of several volatile esters, pentam‐3‐one and ethylene production increased. The levels of C6 aldehydes, C6 alcohols and ethanol showed little or no change within this fruit firmness range.Ethyl esters were the major contributors to total volatiles in ripe, freshly harvested fruit, but ethanol was the most abundant volatile in mature fruit that had been stored at 0° prior to ripening. Ethyl butanoate was the most abundant ester in unstored fruit whereas ethyl acetate was generally the most abundant ester in stored fruit. Stored fruit from the later harvests had higher levels of α‐ and β‐pinene than fresh fruit or immature stored fruit.A high tangy/acid score correlated with firm fruit, low levels of major volatile esters, high levels of citrate and high soluble solids concentrations (SSC). A high score for sweetness correlated with soft fruit and high volatile ester levels. Tangy/acid was the sensory attribute best able to be predicted by objective

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe binding of mutagenic pyrolysis products to cells of 50 yeast strains and their cell fractions was investigated. Cells of all yeast strains effectively bound 3‐amino‐1,4‐dimethyl‐5H‐pyrido[4,3‐b]indole (Trp‐P‐1) and 3‐amino‐1‐methyl‐5H‐pyrido[4,3‐b]indole (Trp‐P‐2). Cell walls (CW), and cell wall glucan and mannan (5 mg in each case) showed the highest binding of Trp‐P‐1 (50 μg ml−1); glucan adsorbed virtually all of the Trp‐P‐1. Cytoplasm also showed some binding but was much less effective. Glucans also bound well with 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ) and 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo 4,5‐quinoxaline (MeIQX) much more than CW, but 2‐amino‐5‐phenylpyridine (Phe‐P‐1) and 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (MelQ) were not effectively bound. The quantity of IQ, MeIQ, Phe‐P‐1 and MeIQX bound was dependent on the strain of yeast. The mutagenic pyrolysis products bound to cells were effectively extracted by aqueous methanol, ammonia (50 g litre−1) and alcohol, but not by water. The binding was pH dependent and inhibited by metal salts. When yeast cells were heated to 100° for 15 min, the binding of Trp‐P‐1 decreased by about 30% but Saccharomyces cerev

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral multivariate statistical methods (principal component, discriminant (linear, quadratic and nearest neighbour), cluster analysis and outliers detection) have been applied to chemical data for terpenic compounds collected from various gin samples, in order to differentiate three gins from each other; the results have been used to explore other samples.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBroiler chickens were fed diets based on bran or inner endosperm from oats (Avena sativa L), given with or without a supplementary fibre‐degrading enzyme, in order to study the effects of the dietary fibre on production results, carcass composition and serum cholesterol concentration. Enzyme supplementation of the oat‐bran‐based diet significantly improved production results and caused an increase in total serum cholesterol concentration and carcass fat whereas carcass crude protein and water content decreased. On enzyme supplementation of the diet based on inner endosperm, a significant although less pronounced improvement in production results was obtained. Chickens fed the inner endosperm diet generally had higher total serum cholesterol concentrations which increased further on enzyme supplementation. Carcass fat content also increased on enzyme supplementation, and at day 27 chickens fed the enzyme‐supplemented diet based on inner endosperm had the highest carcass fat content in comparison with all other diets. The results show that dietary fibre exerts a greater influence on total serum cholesterol concentration than energy or fat intake since chickens fed the enzyme‐supplemented oat‐bran diet had the highest intake of metabolisable energy and fat but still displayed lower total serum cholesterol concentrations than chickens fed the enzyme‐supplemented low fibre diet based on in

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740570211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY