摘要:

AbstractCommon beans(Phaseolus vulgaris L, cv Processor) were ground in different mills followed by air classification at two different classifier settings. These procedures yielded fines fractions containing protein levels ranging from 40.0% to 52.6%, depending mainly on cut points with classification. In the fines fractions, the protein content was at least double the level of the initial flour. Furthermore, levels of trypsin inhibitor activity and total and functional lectins in the fines fractions were one‐ to fourfold those of the initial flour. The coarse fractions, however, were not free of these antinutritional factors.Villus length in cultured explants of small intestinal mucosa was decreased in the presence of an air‐classified fines fraction. In addition, epithelium microvesicles were formed.From the present experiment it is concluded that air classification is effective in producing protein concentrates from Phaseolus beans. A clear separaton of constituents with lectin or trpsin inhibitory activity is not established. Based on the pathological effects of its constituents, fines fractions cannot be used in feeding practice without prior elimination of the lect

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom 1972 to 1988 an experiment was conducted which investigated the effects of four soil management treatments in combination with two rates of fertiliser application, on the growth and components of yield of Cox's Orange Pippin/MM 106 trees.By four years after planting, trees receiving irrigation and those in uncultivated soil maintained completely bare by herbicide had substantially greater girths than trees growing in narrow and wide bare soil strips between grassed alleys. This effect persisted throughout the life of the orchard, although after 16 years the girths of trees receiving irrigation were much greater than those of trees growing in bare soil.Increasing fertiliser application rate from 63 to 189 kg N ha−1had either negligible or inconsistent effects on tree growth, fruit yield and size.The cumulative yield of fruit over 12 cropping years was much greater for trees growing in bare soil and for those receiving irrigation than for those growing in the narrow bare‐soil strip system.The increase in tree girth and yield caused by irrigation and bare soil, particularly in dry years, together with the lack of response to the larger rate of fertiliser application, suggests than water was more of a limiting factor than nitrogen supply for this orchard. Irrigation offers an alternative method of management to herbicide for increasing tree growth and fruit yi

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLinseed (Linum usitatissimum L), collected from kothi and gunny bag, had a total of 18 fungal species. Aspergillus spp were the more frequent and accounted for more than 40 % of the total count. The gunny bag storage system exhibited higher dominance of A flavus than occurred in the kothi system. Out of 251 isolates screened, 44 % were toxigenic and produced different components of alfatoxins in the range 105–3000 μg litre−1. Of 105 samples extracted for the natural presence of alfatoxin, 46 had aflatoxin contamination. The concentration of alfatoxin B1in contaminated samples ranged from 120 to 810 μg

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe non‐starch polysaccharide (NSP) content as determined by gas chromatography (component neutral sugars) and colorimetry (uronic acids) was shown to be 16–22% in ten different samples of defatted canola (low glucosinolate rapeseed) seed. The non‐cellulosic components of NSP accounted for 13–16% of the meal and on average consisted of arabinose (33%), xylose (13%), galactose (13%), glucose (5%), mannose (3%), rhamnose (2%), fucose (2%) and uronic acids (30%). Yellow‐seeded and brown‐seeded samples of canola contained similar contents of total dietary fibre although the composition of the fibre components tended to differ with the former showing a low content of lignin and associated polyphenols and a high content of NSP as compared with the latter type. NDF values tended to be lower for yellow‐seeded than for brown‐seeded canola due to the relatively high content of NSP in neutral detergent solubles of yellow‐seeded canola. An initial balance study with laying hens showed low (<3%) digestibility of the polysaccharide components, and further studies were conducted with a commercial enzyme preparation (SP249, Novo Laboratories Ltd, Lachine, Quebec) to enhance the in‐vivo hydrolysis of the NSP fraction of the meal. Laying hens were fed a semipurified diet containing 40% commercial canola meal with and without enzyme (1%). NSP digestibility was increased to 37% by the enz

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSamples of red‐coloured lettuce and chicory were assessed for bitterness by sensory analysis and compared with conventional green‐coloured varieties. The amounts of the sesquiterpene lactones lactucin, 8‐deoxylactucin and lactucopicrin and their glycosides were determined using enzyme hydrolysis and high performance liquid chromatography. The level of each of these compounds was compared with the bitterness score found for each sample, and the resulting correlation data suggested that the increasing level of one of these compounds, lactucin glycoside, was closely related to the increase in bitte

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnalysis of oil obtained from growing summer savory (Satureja hortensis L) in the west of Scotland through four contrasting seasons (1984–1987) showed that, without exception, the quality and quantity of oil produced were of a commercially acceptable standard although the cultivars used had not been especially selected for growing in northern Britain. Optimal harvesting time for the maximum yield of good quality oil was found to be during early to mid flowering. Hot, dry conditions did not enhance oil content and neither did the application of fertiliser or herbicide. It is concluded that summer savory will regularly produce a commercially acceptable oil under Scottish condition

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree methods of preparation of steamed bread on a laboratory scale were evaluated to determine the one most suitable for discriminating between flour samples. The preferred method was then applied to a number of wheat varieties at different protein levels to select the most suitable ones for this product, and to determine the key analytical parameters of the most suitable flour.Flour colour and protein content appeared to be more important than other physical and chemical properties. Flour samples with high protein content (greater than 12%) and strong doughs gave bread with a wrinkled surface and dark colour, whereas low protein (less than 10%) soft wheat flours gave poor texture and eating quality, although the surface was smooth. It is suggested that flours of medium protein content (10–12%) and medium dough strength are the most suitable for steamed bread. Processing conditions affected steamed bread quality. Blending of high protein hard strong wheats with soft weak wheat could be practical for preparing flour for steamed brea

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of steam treatment on the protein quality and antinutritional factors in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) have been evaluated. The thermal inactivation of total and functional lectins and trypsin inhibitor activity as well as total and available lysine during steam treatment at 102, 119 and 136°C can be described by first order reaction kinetics. Inactivation of trypsin inhibitor factors occurred in two stages with different reaction rates, the initial stage having a higher rate of inactivation. The effect of steaming temperature on the rate constants can be predicted by an Arrhenius‐type relation.Part of the total lysine was lost on heating but the amount of available lysine was reduced to a greater extent. The results of the present investigation indicate that steam treatment at 119°C for 5 or 10 min seems to be a good compromise in terms of antinutritional factor inactivation and protein damage as measured by total and available lys

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral foods consisting of animal and plant foodstuffs as dietary sources of zinc were subjected to peptic and pancreatic digestion. The soluble zinc components in their digesta were separated by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G‐50 with 0.1 M Tris‐HCl buffer (pH 8.0). The soluble zinc released on the enzymic digestion of the foods ranged from 41 to 98% with an average of 65%. Chromatographic analysis indicated that most of the soluble zinc consisted of between one and four components with molecular weights of around 10 000 or less, except for a component from egg yolk of higher molecular wei

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe digestibility and nutritional properties of whole cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and their isolated and cooked major protein fractions were evaluated in rats. Isolated globulin GI was highly digestible (89.5%) but had a low NPR value (1.51). The albumins and glutelins exhibited intermediate digestibilities (79.1 and 73.2%) and a biological utilisation NPR of 3.18 and 2.91, respectively, 30% lower than casein. Whole beans exhibited the poorest digestibility (62.8%) with a faecal excretion of more than 30% of the ingested nitrogen and an intermediate NPR of 2.27. There was a direct relation between the amount of ingested dietary fibre and dry matter and N excretion. Enrichment of whole beans with the isolated albumin fraction, rich as it is in sulphur amino acids, did not improve NPR value. Dry beans apparently contain components producing undigestible protein complexes which affect amino acid availability and increase endogenous nitrogen excretion.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740530211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY