摘要:

ABSTRACT:The traditional solution to stormwater runoff from housing developments has been stormwater sewer systems. A newer and increasingly popular solution is some sort of impoundment or “lake” within the development, which is thought to be cheaper, to provide recreation, to improve the aesthetics of the environment, and to increase property values. Little is known of the acceptability of these to public officials, developers, or potential residents, or of their policy implications. Two such developments in Mississauga, Ontario, were studied, in terms of the perceptions and opinions of a random sample of residents and of officials who had been involved in their planning and management. The areas have attracted a relatively young group, just beginning their child‐bearing years, with relatively high income and education. The lakes appear to be popular, and relatively successful, especially the one which provides more recreational opportunities, and which has had fewer maintenance problems. The major problems are visual and safety. The City, and to some extent the developers, are seen as the appropriate groups to manage and maintain the lakes. Some suggestions, based on residents' and officials' responses, are presented for future designs and policy formul

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Adoption, maintenance, and operation of pollution control technology by manufacturing firms is essential to effective water resource management. In this study of 102 industries, we find that company adoption of pollution control technology and practices is primarily associated with two factors: (1) the overall company capacity for innovation in its production technology; and (2) company relationships with state and federal pollution control agencies, local government officials and professionals. Managerial attitudes about pollution and government regulation are not associated with either pollution control or commercial innovation, but are seen as basic to industry‐government relationships. The data suggest an important regulatory dilemma, the problem of regulating a large number of small companies with a low capacity for innovation, but which when taken together account for large volumes of toxic effluen

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The determination of sediment accumulation rates is important in understanding how these materials are affecting lakes and reservoirs ecosystems. In this study three methods were used to estimate sediment accumulation rates in the impounded backwater lakes behind Lock and Dam Nos. 8 and 9 on the upper Mississippi River. The three methods were: 1) a “spud” survey, 2) a survey of bottom contours, and 3) the use of fallout cesium‐137. The field use of these three methods of determining sediment accumulation and the potential errors and merits involved in each method are discussed. The results from the field study in backwater areas along the upper Mississippi River showed the survey of bottom contour method gave the lowest rate of sediment deposition and the137Cs method gave the highest rates. Sediment accumulation rates from 0 to 7.8 cm per year were measured in the study area. All three methods are useful and have unique characteristics for determining rates and patterns of sediment accumulation. Thus the choice of a method to be used in a sediment survey is dependent on the type of information needed and the time avai

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is perhaps the most widely used regional drought index. However, there is considerable ambiguity about its value as a measure of hydrologic drought. In this paper the PDSI for climatic divisions in New Jersey is compared to the occurrence within each climatic division of streamflows in their lower quartile for the month (streamflow index), and ground‐water levels in their lower quartile for the month (ground‐water index). These indices are found to have distinct properties. It is not uncommon for PDSI values to indicate “severe” or “extreme” drought at times when the streamflow or groundwater index is above its lower quartile at many stations within the climatic division. The PDSI values and groundwater index indicate more persistent subnormal conditions than the streamflow index for truncation levels yielding the same total duration of drought over a period. The ground‐water index tends to indicate a later beginning to droughts and of the three indices is the most conservative indicator of a drought's end. Drought timing and duration properties for the ground‐water index are found to be highly influenced by the average depth to water in the well. Overall, the three indices of drought can provide three very different characterizations of drought. In particular, the results indicate that considerable caution should be exercised in drawing conclusions about hydrologic drough

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A matrix was developed of problems with the functional use of water resources (rows) and functions served by water resources research (columns). A classification of water problems and a classification of research fields also were developed to accompany the matrix. The matrix and classification schemes were used when preparing the five‐year research and development plan of the Water Resources Center of The Ohio State University. They were used: (1) to classify each research project that had been supported by the Water Resources Center from 1965 through 1980, (2) to guide interviews with personnel of federal and state agencies and university faculty who assisted in defining Ohio's water research needs, (3) to organize responses received during these interviews, and (4) to arrive at a selected list of ten problems with the functional use of Ohio's water resources that were prioritized based upon opinions received from water‐related officials throughout the state. Other matrices and classification schemes are reviewed that were revised and expanded upon when formulating the ones used in Ohio. Suggestions are given regarding further development of the functional matrix and accompanying classifications as well as their use in administration of the cooperative federal‐state water resources research program and other federal water resources research pro

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has broad, nationwide water resources planning and management responsibilities. In response to the needs of Corps professionals, the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) has developed and supports a family of computer programs designed to aid them in their work. These programs include catchment, channel, alluvial, and statistical process models, system operation models, plan evaluation models, and data management programs. These models individually and collectively have been used throughout the Corps in a wide range of water resources planning studies.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Dinosaur National Monument, in northwestern Colorado, has become a test case in the establishment of a federal reserved water right to instream flows. For the first time, the Interior Department was forced to rigorously defend its claims in a watershed where the federal government did not control the upstream reaches. Inadequate quantification of minimum flow requirements, court orders, and an apparent Congressional ban on the spending of Water Resources Program funds by the Park Service to quantify its water rights have already placed the Service in a difficult position to protect instream flows for maintaining the ecological integrity of the Monument. As late as 1983, administrators of the Park Service were divided over their legal strategy, many wanting to pursue a policy of claiming “natural, historic” flows rather than “minimum” flows. The conditional right to instream flows panted to the Park Service in 1978 was subject to quantification within five years. That deadline has been extended, but it is not likely that the case will reach final settlement this decade. Until the design and conduct of federal water rights quantifications better integrate public policy and law with science, the principle lesson from Dinosaur may have to be r

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book review in this ArticleSettling Things: Six Case Studies in Environmental Mediation, Allan R. Talbot. Earl Finbar MurphyClimate and Development Asit K. BiswasHydrology in Practice Elizabeth M. ShawScale‐up of Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Nor‐bert W. Schmidtke Daniel W. SmithEnvironmental Effects of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Sewage Sludge R. D. DavisSoil Erosion: Crisis in America's Croplands? Sandra S. Batie, Roger McHenryAn Introduction to Water Quality Modeling A. James JyS. WuTrihalomethane Reduction in Drinking Water Gordon CulpAnalysis of Pesticides in Water A. S. Y. ChauChemistry for Protection of the Environment Horst F. SiewertWater Resources, Geography, and Law, Olen Paul Matthews.Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental Engineering Tom D. Reynolds.Greenhouse Effect and Sea Level Rise M. C. Barth J. G. TitusMethods of Characterization of Sewage Sludge T. J. Casey, P. L'Hermite, P. J. NewmanDrainage of Asphalt Pavement Structures Joseph T. BarrowGroundwater Contamination Commi/afttee Douglas S. CherkauerWater Crisis: Ending the Policy Drought Terry L. Anderson.Chemistry of Irrigated Soils Rachel Levy Arthur W. HounslowEngineering Fluid Mechanics (3rd Edition) J. A. RobersonEnvironment Canada and the North: The Perceptions, Roles, and Policies of the Department of the Environment Regarding Development North of 60°Epichlorohydrin Environmental Health Criteria 33Natural Levels of Lead in Humans C. C. Patterson.Saving Endangered Species: A Report and Plan for Action Allen E. Smith.Scotland's Environment During the Last 30,000 Years Robert J. Price.Seasonal Restrictions on Dredging Projects by NMFS in the NortheastStatistical Methods for Engineers Richard H. McCuen.Summary Report: Study to Determine the Impact of Landward Bulkheads or Alternative Structures on Marshes Janie H. Harris.Survival and Growth of Warmwater Fishes Exposed to Ammonia Under Low Flow Conditions J. P. SwigertSustaining Tomorrow: A Strategy for World Conservation and Development F. R. Thibodeau H. H. FieldThe Visual Display of Quantitative Information Edward R. Tufte.Water Supply R. UrbistondoWetland Ecology John R. Etherin

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY