摘要:

ABSTRACT: Based on alkalinity data for 596 lakes, 31 percent of Florida's 7300 lakes have25 μeq/L) and increase in excess SO42‐(16‐34 μeq/L) in several

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT: The effects of a moving rainstorm on flood runoff characteristics were investigated. A flood hydrograph simulation model called “FH‐Model” and a natural watershed were used. A hypothetical rainstorm of 50 years recurrence interval, 75 mm depth, and 4 hours duration was used to show the effects of velocity and direction of the moving rainstorm on the runoff characteristics. Compared with an equivalent stationary rainstorm (ESRS), the peak flow caused by a rainstorm moving in a downstream direction with a speed equal to channel velocity, V, was 27.5 percent higher and the peak flow caused by the same rainstorm moving in an upstream direction was 21.7 percent smaller. These percentages reduced to 10.5 percent and 8.6 percent for storms moving downstream and upstream, respectively, at three times the channel velocity, 3V. There were negligible differences in the time of peak, Tpbetween runoff caused by storms moving downstream and runoff produced by ESRS. However, Tpfor a storm moving upstream at V velocity was 82 percent higher than that produced by ESRS, but was reduced to 27 percent higher when the storm velocity w

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Injections of NO3and PO4were made during September 1975 into Little Lost Man Creek, a small pristine stream in Redwood National Park, California. Chloride, a conservative constituent, was added in a known ratio to the nutrients. Nutrient loss at a downstream point was calculated using concentration of added Cl as a reference. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N), added for 4 h, reached 920 μg/1 (above 5 μg/1 background) just below the injection point, but increased only to 405 μg/1 at 310 m downstream. The concentration decrease was attributed to dispersion and to uptake by stream biota. Percent of NO3‐N lost decreased with increasing concentration of NO3‐N. Phosphate phosphorus (PO4‐P) was added a week after the NO3‐N for 3 h, causing a concentration increase of 296 μg/1 (above 13 μg/1 background) just below the injection point, of 161 μg/1 at 90 m downstream, and of 98 μg/1 at 310 m. Percent loss of PO4‐P at downstream sites increased with increasing PO4‐P concentration and also for a short period after peak concentration occurred, but then decreased as PO4‐P concentration continued decreasing. Differences in stream response to added NO3‐N and PO4‐P are attributed to differing rates of reaction with biota and differing degrees of interaction

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04646.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT: The Muskingum method of hydrologic flood routing is based on a graphical bivariate curve fitting procedure. The subjectivity of this procedure may lead to problems of reproducibility and provides no guarantee of model coefficients which minimize the error of estimation. A transformation is developed to express the Muskingum method as a univariate transcendental function suitable for numeric solution. Solution of this function minimizes the sum of the squared deviations between estimated and measured rates of discharge. Five textbook examples of the Muskingum method are evaluated by the univariate transformation. Error reductions range from negligible to tenfold. While the univariate transformation may not improve upon graphically‐based results in every case, in no instances are the univariate results inferior; in many cases they are superio

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04647.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT: A modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's QUAL‐II water quality simulation model is calibrated and applied to the Lower Winooski River, Vermont. The river flows through the metropolitan Burlington area and is impacted by several industrial and municipal point sources and by operation of hydropower facilities. Several structural modifications are made in the model to improve water quality simulations in rivers impacted by algal growth; these include the addition of organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus compartments and provision for algal uptake of ammonia and/or nitrate nitrogen. The model is interfaced with statistical programs which facilitate tabulation, display, and analysis of observed and predicted concentrations. The model is calibrated and tested against data from two intensive water quality surveys. Applications demonstrate the factors controlling water quality and sensitivities to point source waste management strategies and flow, as influenced by hydropower operation

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY