ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01615.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe recent versions of nonlinear programming techniques such as the conjugate gradient and the gradient projection algorithms are used to obtain the optimal operating conditions of a multiple reservoirs system with multiple purposes. These algorithms are compared with other techniques in the literature. The conjugate gradient method incorporates the advantages of both the generalized Newton‐Raphson, also known as the quasilinearization technique, and the gradient approach while avoiding their major drawbacks. To illustrate the technique, a water resources system with three reservoirs and a tabular objective function is solved by the two algorithm

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01616.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA set of simulation and optimization tools capable of analyzing the development and operation of a complex, multi‐basin, interconnected water resource are explained. These models provide valuable information regarding the important questions: (1) “When should new projects be build?” (2) “How big should they be?” and (3) “How should the system be operated?” Since these tools were developed by and for practicing engineers, their applicability to real‐world problems is mandatory. To assure this, testing was done on an actual proposed project, the Tex

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe methodology of operations research is judged in relation to its utility to water resource management in an urbanized arid environment and to the study of worth of data for such management. Conditions for existence of a managerial problem are reviewed as is the multilevel structure of the decision process, including decisions on social goals for Western water use. Worth of data can only be judged in relation to a particular use to meet a social or managerial objective. The role of data uncertainty on the decision process is reviewed in the light of past water decisions and present and future problems.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSince 1961, control over water‐supply interference problems in the Province of Ontario has been provided under The Ontario Water Resources Commission Act. A section of The Act requires persons taking more than 10,000 imperial gallons per day of water for purposes other than domestic, stock or fire‐fighting to have a permit and to take the water in accordance with specified terms and conditions. Construction of some new wells, sewers, and roads to meet the needs of urban development has caused interference with both ground‐ and surface‐water supplies. In cases of serious interference, the Commission has required that steps be taken to restore water supplies or prevent continued interference. Two cases are described where municipalities in the Toronto area restored supplies to overcome serious interference with several private wells and streamflow during testing and operation of a 500‐imperial gpm municipal well adjacent to a normally effluent stream, and varying degrees of interference with private wells caused by dewatering at rates up to 2000‐imperial gpm for the installation of a

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA mathematical model was developed to simulate the hydrologic behavior of five small watersheds in central Pennsylvania. Continuous hydrographs for the 6‐month period, April to September 1964, were simulated. Synthesized rainfall cycles consisting of increasing rainfall by 10, 20, and 30 percent to simulate the effects of cloud seeding were processed through the watershed model to determine the effects on low flow augmentation. Other rainfall cycles used consisted of increasing every third storm by 30 percent and of developing a rainfall cycle by processing daily radiosonde data through a mathematical cumulus cloud model to obtain a prediction of rainfall following seeding. A comparison of actual and predicted hydrographs indicated that simulated cloud seeding resulted in significant monthly and seasonal water yields. In general, the results of the study appear to indicate that on a theoretical basis cloud seeding would be a feasible method of augmenting low stream‐flow during the summer months on watersheds in the northern Appalachian reg

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the problem of isolating random errors from rainfall measurements in watersheds of relatively small size. The residual variance is shown to be a practical measure for assessing the error term. KEY WORDS: random errors; rainfall; watershed

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01621.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTExtreme rainfall frequency analysis provides one means to predict, within certain limits of probability, the average time interval between the recurrences of storms of a specified duration and magnitude. This in turn furnishes the forest hydrologist a valuable tool for engineering design and runoff and erosion forecast. A modification in the application of the annual maximum and annual exceedance series analysis described by V. T. Chow can, for special purposes, lead to an even more useful estimate of extreme events on a seasonal basis. This can be particularly important on small forested headwater watersheds where the runoff response to extreme rainfall may vary considerably with seasonal changes in canopy cover and soil moisture characteristics. Although the application of data covering a relatively short period of record has produced some inconsistencies among the frequency diagrams, under certain circumstances for short‐term recurrence interval forecast and for non‐critical application the analysis of extreme rainfall frequency from less than 20 years data seems justif

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper is an effort to establish a lower bound on the economic value of the Columbia and Snake Rivers to the State of Washington, so as to assess the economic consequences of diversion of waters of these rivers to other geographic regions. The uses recognized in this paper are for power generation and irrigation, although the dynamic‐programming model constructed is capable of incorporating, with minor changes, returns from other uses of the rivers when the economic data can be obtaine

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe decision making process in development of water resources has often been subjective. A scheme for inventorying the hydrologic properties of watersheds would be a powerful tool, providing objective criteria that can be used in judgments and which can be applied in surveys for water management or conservation purposes. Such an inventory was used in studying the Green River, Wyoming and Little Miami, Ohio. The classification system considered characteristics of the water budget, variability and reliability of flow, and water quality. Class ranks for water budget were based on amount of runoff and water loss. Regulation and variation in flow were ranked on impoundments, variability index, coefficient of variability, 90% flow duration and maximum flow index. The streams’ chemical and solid loads were also considered. Classification of the Green and Little Miami rivers pointed out distinctive differences between their hydrologic characteristics. The inventory can thus be examined to compare stretches of river or whole watersheds, objectively determining the best possible us

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1970.tb01624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY