摘要:

ABSTRACT:The fresh‐salt water interface in artesian aquifers has been investigated by various techniques on the basis of its analogy to the free surface in earth dams or cores of dams. Although various approximations are used, some more or less exact solutions exist. One of the simple methods, that would appeal to practical workers, was developed by the analysis of hydraulic forces. However, this method has not been checked thoroughly due to the lack of wide ranges of coverage by the more or less exact solutions. In this paper a suggested finite element method is used for the purpose of comparing with the method of hydraulic forces. The presented procedure eliminates some of the difficulties and uncertainties in current finite element procedures. Both methods proved to be in close agreement. Moreover, the hydraulic heads along the upper boundary of the artesian aquifer were found to be in close agreement with Dupuit's equation. The results of this investigation would greatly simplify the more complex management problems when the effects of discharge and/or recharge wells are added to the natural flow effect

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Lake Evergreen was investigated during the time of filling and thereafter for the change of water chemistry at the mud‐water interface. The results show that aging or maturing occurs at the nascent stage of the impoundment history. There are many factors affecting concentration of chemical constituents at the interface. There are hydrologic changes such as wind and wave action, or water circulation which can influence all chemical parameters. There is also biological activity, which may involve changes in concentrations of silica, phosphate, alkalinity, pH, ammonium, Kjeldahl nitrogen, etc. An associated effect is the reduction of oxidation‐reduction potential which in turn affects the concentration of manganese, etc. All these changes occur primarily in autumn. In late spring to summer, there are changes of nitrite and nitrate accompanied by changes in dissolved oxygen. A water chemistry model at the interface is illustra

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Basin parameters such as drainage density, channel slope, shape factors, and a geometric factor were used in a factor analysis of 112 basins in Pennsylvania and surrounding states. Three distinct homogeneous definable groups resulted. Group I basins were those with an area on the order of 100 square miles, low channel slopes, and/or located within the western glaciated portion of Pennsylvania. Watersheds underlain by carbonate rocks or glacial tills constituted Group 11. A main channel slope of greater than 0.017 in a high precipitation area or a small drainage area were the criteria for Group III basins. There exists a continuous range from Group I basins, where absorption was high to the Group III basins where either the storm pattern or the absorbing character of the soils gave a very low absorption.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A rainfall model was developed to divide daily rainfall into storms and distribute storm depths over storm duration for input into the Stanford Watershed Model.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Several techniques for selecting a least environmental impact corridor have been proposed. Two approaches have been found workable; the computer graphics and the map overlay. This report combines features of both to determine an appropriate routing for a water conveyance canal. The study was conducted by an interdisciplinary planning team. Environmental factors were mapped and weighted on overlay maps. Alternative routes were identified and carefully studied. Several critical environmental implications were noted. Aesthetic factors, out door recreation interpretation, visitor safety and disruption of human and animal travel routes were considered and dealt with.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The Louisiana Environmental Management System (LEMS) is a data processing program developed to aid the Louisiana Joint Legislative Committee on Environmental Quality in decisions leading to resources legislation. Serving as a central data collection and retrieval point for various agencies, the LEMS will maintain assembled information on the location of monitoring stations and coordinate the files of user agencies with data on: land use; air and water quality; meteorological, climatological, and hydrological phenomena; vegetation; fish and wildlife conservation; population; and economics. This data is geographically stored in relation to the state plane coordinate system. For decision making, all pertinent hydrologic, topographic, engineering, cadastral, and other information from separate sources can be automatically mapped as a combined overlay to one of three chosen scales. Land‐use patterns are the input data for iterative analyses of present conditions and simulated future human activities for assessing the environmental impact of proposed multiple‐purpose water resource developme

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The increased agricultural efficiency of the American farmer has been a substantial impetus to this nation's rapid urbanization. In many western regions where total water supplies are limited, urbanization has required the transfer of heretofore agricultural water rights to the urban use. A major problem in such transfers has been the value or price of the water. A management level model of a typical urban water system was developed to optimize water supply, distribution, and wastewater treatment alternatives. The values of agricultural transfers were determined as the cost advantages of increasing allowable reuse levels of urban effluents which imply the use of a downstream right. This procedure is justified by the economic theory of alternative cost. Results for a test application to the Denver, Colorado area indicate values on the order of $1,000 per acre‐foot of transferable water depending on effluent water quality restrictions and operational policie

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this paper is to describe a land use and environmental planning model. Map overlays were used for analyzing and aggregating economic, social, and environmental data. Various land use categories were evaluated using a numerical scoring system. These scores were then used to assist in the development of land use regulations in a coastal county in South Carolina.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The use of synthetic time series (artificially simulated time series with specific and useful properties built into them) to increase the confidence in the statistical parameters of limited hydrometeorological time series is the subject matter of this paper. By constructing fourteen synthetic time series, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the net effect of nonstationarity, number of lags and small sample size on estimated spectral densities. Similarly, the effects of the harmonic‐removal procedure on the resulting residual series and the confidence limits in cross spectral analysis are examined in the light of synthetic time series analysis. These analyses clearly indicate the useful supplemental role of synthetic time series in data analysi

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY